scholarly journals Isolation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alleles required for neuronal maintenance in Drosophila melanogaster

Biology Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Swick ◽  
N. Kazgan ◽  
R. U. Onyenwoke ◽  
J. E. Brenman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Neuronal Maintenance

scholarly journals A homologue of AMP-activated protein kinase in Drosophila melanogaster is sensitive to AMP and is activated by ATP depletion

2002 ◽  
Vol 367 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. PAN ◽  
D. Grahame HARDIE
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Drosophila Cell ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

We have identified single genes encoding homologues of the α, β and γ subunits of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Kinase activity could be detected in extracts of a Drosophila cell line using the SAMS peptide, which is a relatively specific substrate for the AMPK/SNF1 kinases in mammals and yeast. Expression of double stranded (ds) RNAs targeted at any of the putative α, β or γ subunits ablated this activity, and abolished expression of the α subunit. The Drosophila kinase (DmAMPK) was activated by AMP in cell-free assays (albeit to a smaller extent than mammalian AMPK), and by stresses that deplete ATP (oligomycin and hypoxia), as well as by carbohydrate deprivation, in intact cells. Using a phosphospecific antibody, we showed that activation was associated with phosphorylation of a threonine residue (Thr-184) within the ‘activation loop’ of the α subunit. We also identified a homologue of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (DmACC) in Drosophila and, using a phosphospecific antibody, showed that the site corresponding to the regulatory AMPK site on the mammalian enzyme became phosphorylated in response to oligomycin or hypoxia. By immunofluorescence microscopy of oligomycin-treated Dmel2 cells using the phosphospecific antibody, the phosphorylated DmAMPK α subunit was mainly detected in the nucleus. Our results show that the AMPK system is highly conserved between insects and mammals. Drosophila cells now represent an attractive system to study this pathway, because of the small, well-defined genome and the ability to ablate expression of specific gene products using interfering dsRNAs.

scholarly journals So Many Roads: the Multifaceted Regulation of Autophagy Induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel F. Corona Velazquez ◽  
William T. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Regulatory Complex ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

ABSTRACT Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, degradative process from single-cell eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to higher mammals, such as humans. The regulation of autophagy has been elucidated through the combined study of yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, mice, Drosophila melanogaster, and humans. MTOR, the major negative regulator of autophagy, and activating nutrient kinases, such as 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), interact with the autophagy regulatory complex: ULK1/2, RB1CC1, ATG13, and ATG101. The ULK1/2 complex induces autophagy by phosphorylating downstream autophagy complexes, such as the BECN1 PIK3 signaling complex that leads to the creation of LC3+ autophagosomes. We highlight in this review various reports of autophagy induction that are independent of these regulators. We discuss reports of MTOR-independent, AMPK-independent, ULK1/2-independent, and BECN1-PIK3C3-independent autophagy. We illustrate that autophagy induction and the components required vary by the nature of the induction signal and type of cell and do not always require canonical members of the autophagy signaling pathway. We illustrate that rather than thinking of autophagy as a linear pathway, it is better to think of autophagy induction as an interconnecting web of key regulators, many of which can induce autophagy through different requirements depending on the type and length of induction signals.

Chronic activation of AMP-activated protein kinase increases monocarboxylate transporter 2 and 4 expression in skeletal muscle

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 3552
Author(s):  
E. M. England ◽  
H. Shi ◽  
S. K. Matarneh ◽  
E. M. Oliver ◽  
E. T. Helm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Chronic Activation ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase
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