scholarly journals Brain-encysting trematodes (Euhaplorchis californiensis) decrease raphe serotonergic activity in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis)

Biology Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. bio049551
Author(s):  
Siri H. Helland-Riise ◽  
Marco A. Vindas ◽  
Ida B. Johansen ◽  
Lauren E. Nadler ◽  
Kelly L. Weinersmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundulus Parvipinnis ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Euhaplorchis Californiensis

scholarly journals Parasite manipulation of brain monoamines in California killifish ( Fundulus parvipinnis ) by the trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1659) ◽  
pp. 1137-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C Shaw ◽  
W.J Korzan ◽  
R.E Carpenter ◽  
A.M Kuris ◽  
K.D Lafferty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Dopamine Metabolism ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Fundulus Parvipinnis ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Monoamine Metabolite ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Euhaplorchis Californiensis

California killifish ( Fundulus parvipinnis ) infected with the brain-encysting trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis display conspicuous swimming behaviours rendering them more susceptible to predation by avian final hosts. Heavily infected killifish grow and reproduce normally, despite having thousands of cysts inside their braincases. This suggests that E. californiensis affects only specific locomotory behaviours. We hypothesised that changes in the serotonin and dopamine metabolism, essential for controlling locomotion and arousal may underlie this behaviour modification. We employed micropunch dissection and HPLC to analyse monoamine and monoamine metabolite concentrations in the brain regions of uninfected and experimentally infected fish. The parasites exerted density-dependent changes in monoaminergic activity distinct from those exhibited by fish subjected to stress. Specifically, E. californiensis inhibited a normally occurring, stress-induced elevation of serotonergic metabolism in the raphae nuclei. This effect was particularly evident in the experimentally infected fish, whose low-density infections were concentrated on the brainstem. Furthermore, high E. californiensis density was associated with increased dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus and decreased serotonergic activity in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the altered monoaminergic metabolism may explain behavioural differences leading to increased predation of the infected killifish by their final host predators.

Ecology of the Brain Trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis and Its Host, the California Killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Shaw ◽  
R. F. Hechinger ◽  
K. D. Lafferty ◽  
A. M. Kuris
Keyword(s):  
Fundulus Parvipinnis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Euhaplorchis Californiensis

Serotonergic Genes and Suicidality

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Du ◽  
Gabor Faludi ◽  
Miklos Palkovits ◽  
David Bakish ◽  
Pavel D. Hrdina
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Several lines of evidence indicate that abnormalities in the functioning of the central serotonergic system are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive illness and suicidal behavior. Studies have shown that the number of brain and platelet serotonin transporter binding sites are reduced in patients with depression and in suicide victims, and that the density of 5-HT2A receptors is increased in brain regions of depressed in suicide victims and in platelets of depressed suicidal patients. Genes that code for proteins, such as tryptophan hydroxylase, 5-HT transporter, and 5-HT2A receptor, involved in regulating serotonergic neurotransmission, have thus been major candidate genes for association studies of suicide and suicidal behavior. Recent studies by our group and by others have shown that genetic variations in the serotonin-system-related genes might be associated with suicidal ideation and completed suicide. We have shown that the 102 C allele in 5-HT2A receptor gene was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (χ2 = 8.5, p < .005) in depressed patients. Patients with a 102 C/C genotype had a significantly higher mean HAMD item #3 score (indication of suicidal ideation) than T/C or T/T genotype patients. Our results suggest that the 102T/C polymorphism in 5-HT2A receptor gene is primarily associated with suicidal ideation in patients with major depression and not with depression itself. We also found that the 5-HT transporter gene S/L polymorphism was significantly associated with completed suicide. The frequency of the L/L genotype in depressed suicide victims was almost double of that found in control group (48.6% vs. 26.2%). The odds ratio for the L allele was 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7). The association between polymorphism in serotonergic genes and suicidality supports the hypothesis that genetic factors can modulate suicide risk by influencing serotonergic activity.

Altered Serotonergic Activity in Women with Dysphoric Premenstrual Syndromes

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Halbreich ◽  
Henry Tworek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Library Search ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Objective: Dysphoric Premenstrual Syndromes (PMS) are quite prevalent and in some women they are severe enough to warrant treatment. Their pathophysiology is still unknown, despite increased interest and research. Here we review the possible role of serotonin in the multidimensional interactive pathophysiology of PMS. Method: Over 170 articles are reviewed. An extensive library search has been conducted and articles are included because of their relevance to: 1) the phenomenology of PMS; 2) the putative association of serotonergic (5-HT) activity with syndromes that occur premenstrually; 3) changes in 5-HT activity along the menstrual cycle, especially the late luteal phase; 4) influence of gonadal hormones on serotonergic functions; 5) endocrine strategies for assessment of 5-HT abnormalities; and 6) treatment studies of PMS with serotonergic agonists. Results and Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that post-synaptic serotonergic responsivity might be altered during the late-luteal-premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. Some serotonergic functions of women with PMS might be altered during the entire cycle and be associated with a vulnerability trait. It is hypothesized that gonadal hormones might cause changes in levels of activity of 5-HT systems as part of a multidimensional interactive system. Strategies to evaluate 5-HT activities in the context of the menstrual cycle are discussed—leading to the conclusion that the most promising approach is active stimulation with specific post-synaptic serotonin agonists. Treatment outcome studies of some imperfect compounds that are currently applied as a symptomatic treatment of PMS support the notion that 5-HT is involved in the pathophysiology of these syndromes.

The importance of marsh access to growth of the California killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, evaluated through bioenergetics modeling

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharook P Madon ◽  
Gregory D Williams ◽  
Janelle M West ◽  
Joy B Zedler
Keyword(s):  
Fundulus Parvipinnis ◽  
Bioenergetics Modeling
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