scholarly journals PQN-75 is expressed in the pharyngeal gland cells ofCaenorhabditiselegansand is dispensable for germline development

Biology Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Rochester ◽  
Paige C. Tanner ◽  
Catherine S. Sharp ◽  
Karolina M. Andralojc ◽  
Dustin L. Updike
Keyword(s):  
Germline Development ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Pharyngeal Gland

scholarly journals Memoirs: On the So-called Pharyngeal Gland-Cells of Earthworms

1917 ◽  
Vol s2-62 (247) ◽  
pp. 253-286
Author(s):  
J. STEPHENSON
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Usual Sense ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Intercellular Substance ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Pharyngeal Epithelium ◽  
Pharyngeal Gland

(1) The "pharyngeal gland-cells" of earthworms are not gland-cells in the usual sense, and do not communicate with the pharynx; the term "chromophil cells" is proposed for them because of their intense coloration by hæmatoxylin and similar stains. The so-called "septal glands" of earthworms are aggregations of similar cells at a more posterior level. (2) In the chromophil cells the deeply. staining matter is not equably distributed through the cell-body ; the peripheral regions of the cells in general stain more lightly, and appear to be disintegrating, or merge into an intercellular substance. (3) While most of the cells form a more or less compact aggregate on the surface of the pharyngeal mass, a number penetrate inwards towards the pharyngeal epithelium, and become progressively metamorphosed into fibrillar connective tissue. (4) A capsule of flattened cells covering the mass, though present in part, is incomplete. The smaller masses of cells in Helodrilus parvus are frequently continuous with the peritoneal membrane, of which they appear as modifications. (5) In Helodrilus parvus, and especially in all young earthworms, the inwandering and the connective tissue change of the chromophil cells is less marked; in very young specimens neither has taken place. The capsule is also more and more incomplete the younger the specimen. (6) The cells are to be looked on as of peritoneal origin; that is to say, they are modifications of the original lining cells of the cœlomic cavity. Hence the absence of capsule in the early stages; and hence the original limitation of the cells to the superficial portion of the pharyngeal mass. (7) The main function of the cells is probably metabolic; but it is at present impossible to particularise further.

scholarly journals XII.—On the Septal and Pharyngeal Glands of the Microdrili (Oligochæta)

1922 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Pharyngeal Cavity ◽  
Pharyngeal Gland ◽  
Anterior Segments

In 1917 I published an account (16) of the so-called pharyngeal gland-cells of earthworms, unevenly but intensely staining cells (whence the name “chromophil” which I gave to them) which form lobular masses on the pharynx, and smaller aggregations in other places in the anterior segments. I came to the conclusion that the cells were not, as was usually held, epithelial in origin—were not cells which had fallen out of the epithelial layer while still retaining their connection with the pharyngeal cavity by means of a long neck functioning as a ductule. On the contrary, they were, I believed, mesoblastic in origin, and congeneric with the peritoneum; and were devoid of ducts leading into the pharynx.

scholarly journals qPCR Analysis and RNAi Define Pharyngeal Gland Cell-Expressed Genes of Heterodera glycines Required for Initial Interactions with the Host

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bakhetia ◽  
P. E. Urwin ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Gland Cell ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Rnai Treatment ◽  
Pharyngeal Gland

Changes in transcript abundance of genes expressed in the three pharyngeal gland cells of Heterodera glycines after host invasion were monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the consequences of disrupting their expression studied by RNAi treatment prior to invasion. Two transcripts were known to be expressed in the two subventral gland cells (hg-pel and hg-eng-1), a further two in the single dorsal gland cell only (hg-gp and hg-syv46), and a fifth transcript (hg-cm) was expressed by both gland cell types. The qPCR study established that transcripts of hg-syv46 and hg-gp increased in abundance by 2 days postinfection (dpi), with the former remaining the most abundant. The hg-cm transcript level showed minor changes from 0 to 14 dpi but did fall by 21 dpi. In contrast, hg-eng-1 and hg-eng-2 messenger (m)RNA declined by 7 dpi and hg-pel by 14 dpi before it increased at 21 dpi. RNAi-targeting of hg-eng-1 reduced the number of females present on the plants at 10 days. Targeting of hg-gp, hg-cm, and hg-pel caused a change in sexual fate favoring male development on roots. Both effects were evident after targeting hg-syv46. Suppression of hg-eng-1 mRNA levels in second-stage juveniles (J2i) by RNAi was transient, with a recovery by 15 days of incubation in water after treatment. Presoaking H. glycines J2 with double-stranded RNA has value for studying gene function during the nematode's early interaction with a plant.

Inhibition of DMRTA2 impairs human female germline development in xeno-grafted ovaries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Poulain ◽  
Sophie Tourpin ◽  
Vincent Muczynski ◽  
Sebastien Messiaen ◽  
Delphine Moison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Female ◽  
Germline Development ◽  
Female Germline

scholarly journals Isoproterenol evokes extracellular Ca2+ spikes due to secretory events in salivary gland cells.

1998 ◽  
Vol 273 (17) ◽  
pp. 10806
Author(s):  
Pavel Belan ◽  
Julie Gardner ◽  
Oleg Gerasimenko ◽  
Chris Lloyd Mills ◽  
Ole H. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

scholarly journals Enhanced Myc Expression in Silkworm Silk Gland Promotes DNA Replication and Silk Production

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Wenliang Qian ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Xuechuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Myc Gene ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation ◽  
Silkworm Silk ◽  
Posterior Silk Gland

Silkworm is an economically important insect that synthetizes silk proteins for silk production in silk gland, and silk gland cells undergo endoreplication during larval period. Transcription factor Myc is essential for cell growth and proliferation. Although silkworm Myc gene has been identified previously, its biological functions in silkworm silk gland are still largely unknown. In this study, we examined whether enhanced Myc expression in silk gland could facilitate cell growth and silk production. Based on a transgenic approach, Myc was driven by the promoter of the fibroin heavy chain (FibH) gene to be successfully overexpressed in posterior silk gland. Enhanced Myc expression in the PSG elevated FibH expression by about 20% compared to the control, and also increased the weight and shell rate of the cocoon shell. Further investigation confirmed that Myc overexpression increased nucleus size and DNA content of the PSG cells by promoting the transcription of the genes involved in DNA replication. Therefore, we conclude that enhanced Myc expression promotes DNA replication and silk protein expression in endoreplicating silk gland cells, which subsequently raises silk yield.

Centroceras gasparrinii subsp. minor subsp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) in the North Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean): molecular and morphological characterization

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 415 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
MARION A. WOLF ◽  
ALESSANDRO BUOSI ◽  
ABDUL-SALAM F. JUHMANI ◽  
ADRIANO SFRISO
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century

Centroceras Kützing is a small red algal genus with 18 currently accepted species (Guiry & Guiry 2019), characterized by simple filamentous thalli with erect axes arising from a prostrate system and di-trichotomous branching (Hommersand 1963). The characters used to distinguish species are primarily cortical filament morphology: shape and number of the acropetal cortical cells, shape of gland cells, and shape of spines (Won et al. 2009). The generitype C. clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne has been viewed for a long time as a highly variable and cosmopolitan species (Hommersand 1963). Molecular and detailed morphological analyses brought Barros-Barreto et al. (2006) to report that C. clavulatum may consist of a species complex and Won et al. (2009) confirmed this hypothesis identifying eight taxonomic entities phylogenetically segregated from genuine C. clavulatum. Seven of these entities were assigned to the following species: C. gasparrinii (Meneghini) Kützing, C. hommersandii Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, C. hyalacanthum Kützing, C. micracanthum Kützing, C. natalensis Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, C. rodmanii Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, and C. tetrachotomum Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, (Won et al. 2009). Centroceras gasparrinii, C. hyalacanthum, and C. micracanthum are three western Atlantic species listed as synonyms of C. clavulatum since the middle of the 19th century and resurrected from the ‘C. clavulatum complex’ by Won et al. (2009). In particular, two of these taxa were described from specimens of the Mediterranean Sea: C. gasparrinii (as Ceramium gasparrinii Meneghini, type locality Palermo, Italy) and C. micracanthum (reported with the synonym Centroceras leptacanthum Kützing, type locality Genoa, Italy). Therefore, the numerous Mediterranean records of C. clavulatum (e.g., Gómez Garreta et al. 2001; Verlaque 2001; Sfriso & Curiel 2007; Taşkýn et al. 2013) most probably belong to one of these two species and have to be re-examined for a correct identification and to understand the spatial distribution of the different taxa (Tsiamis et al. 2010). For this reason, in the last years in Greece (Tsiamis et al. 2010), Spain (Gallardo et al. 2016) and Morocco (Hassoun et al. 2018) accurate sampling and morphological analyses of specimens previously identified as C. clavulatum were conducted to determine their correct taxonomic identities. In all cases the recognized species was C. gasparrinii, which can be distinguished morphologically from the other ones previously known as C. clavulatum by the presence of ovoid gland cells and ovoid terminal acropetal cortical cells (Won et al. 2009). As reported by Tsiamis et al. (2010), Greek samples differed from those described by Won et al. (2009), in the smaller number of periaxial cells (10–12 against 13–19).

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