Alternative to standard artemisinin combination therapy identified for children with uncomplicated malaria

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy

scholarly journals Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Depressed Mitosis and Induced Chromosome Aberration in Onion Root Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
J. I. Raji ◽  
C. K. Onwuamah ◽  
P. G. C. Odeigah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Onion Root ◽  
Chromosome Fragments ◽  
Chromosome Bridges

Artemisinin-based combination therapy is used to treat uncomplicated malaria disease in most endemic countries. Although most antimalarial drugs are effective in killing the parasite, there is a concern of induced toxicity to the cell. Here, the cytogenotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate (DHAP), a coformulation for artemisinin-based combination therapy, was evaluated usingAllium cepamodel. The toxicity on the mitotic index varies with the duration of exposure and dose tested. Chromosome aberrations observed include chromosome fragments, chromosome bridges, binucleated cells, and micronucleated cells. This study showed that DHAP can depress mitosis and induce chromosome abnormalities. Their accumulation in cells may be inhibitory to cell division and growth. This calls for caution in the administration of artemisinin combination therapy for the treatment of malaria ailment. Wide spacing of dosage is therefore suggested in order to avoid the risk of genetic damage.

Correlation Between Malaria-Specific Antibody Profiles and Responses to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Western Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (12) ◽  
pp. 1969-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Odhiambo ◽  
Elke Bergmann-Leitner ◽  
Moureen Maraka ◽  
Christine N L Wanjala ◽  
Elizabeth Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Western Kenya

scholarly journals Adherence to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruby Siddiqui ◽  
Andrew Willis ◽  
Karla Bil ◽  
Jatinder Singh ◽  
Eric Mukomena Sompwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Blister Pack ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Between 2011 and 2013 the number of recorded malaria cases had more than doubled, and between 2009 and 2013 had increased almost 4-fold in MSF-OCA (Médecins sans Frontières – Operational Centre Amsterdam) programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The reasons for this rise are unclear. Incorrect intake of Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) could result in failure to treat the infection and potential recurrence. An adherence study was carried out to assess whether patients were completing the full course of ACT.One hundred and eight malaria patients in Shamwana, Katanga province, DRC were visited in their households the day after ACT was supposed to be completed. They were asked a series of questions about ACT administration and the blister pack was observed (if available).Sixty seven (62.0%) patients were considered probably adherent. This did not take into account the patients that vomited or spat their pills or took them at the incorrect time of day, in which case adherence dropped to 46 (42.6%). The most common reason that patients gave for incomplete/incorrect intake was that they were vomiting or felt unwell (10 patients (24.4%), although the reasons were not recorded for 22 (53.7%) patients). This indicates that there may be poor understanding of the importance of completing the treatment or that the side effects of ACT were significant enough to over-ride the pharmacy instructions.Adherence to ACT was poor in this setting. Health education messages emphasising the need to complete ACT even if patients vomit doses, feel unwell or their health conditions improve should be promoted.

scholarly journals Adherence to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruby Siddiqui ◽  
Andrew Willis ◽  
Karla Bil ◽  
Jatinder Singh ◽  
Eric Mukomena Sompwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Blister Pack ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Between 2011 and 2013 the number of recorded malaria cases had more than doubled, and between 2009 and 2013 had increased almost 4-fold in MSF-OCA (Médecins sans Frontières – Operational Centre Amsterdam) programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The reasons for this rise are unclear. Incorrect intake of Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) could result in failure to treat the infection and potential recurrence. An adherence study was carried out to assess whether patients were completing the full course of ACT.One hundred and eight malaria patients in Shamwana, Katanga province, DRC were visited in their households the day after ACT was supposed to be completed. They were asked a series of questions about ACT administration and the blister pack was observed (if available).Sixty seven (62.0%) patients were considered probably adherent. This did not take into account the patients that vomited or spat their pills or took them at the incorrect time of day, in which case adherence dropped to 46 (42.6%). The most common reason that patients gave for incomplete/incorrect intake was that they were vomiting or felt unwell (10 patients (24.4%), although the reasons were not recorded for 22 (53.7%) patients). This indicates that there may be poor understanding of the importance of completing the treatment or that the side effects of ACT were significant enough to over-ride the pharmacy instructions.Adherence to ACT was poor in this setting. Health education messages emphasising the need to complete ACT even if patients vomit doses, feel unwell or their health conditions improve should be promoted.

scholarly journals Cost–effectiveness of artemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria in children: data from Papua New Guinea

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A Davis ◽  
Philip M Clarke ◽  
Peter M Siba ◽  
Harin A Karunajeewa ◽  
Carol Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
New Guinea

scholarly journals Persistence of mRNA indicative of Plasmodium falciparum ring-stage parasites 42 days after artemisinin and non-artemisinin combination therapy in naturally infected Malians

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almahamoudou Mahamar ◽  
Kjerstin Lanke ◽  
Wouter Graumans ◽  
Halimatou Diawara ◽  
Koualy Sanogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Stage Parasite ◽  
Ring Stage Parasite

Abstract Background Malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa relies upon prompt case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Ring-stage parasite mRNA, measured by sbp1 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), was previously reported to persist after ACT treatment and hypothesized to reflect temporary arrest of the growth of ring-stage parasites (dormancy) following exposure to artemisinins. Here, the persistence of ring-stage parasitaemia following ACT and non-ACT treatment was examined. Methods Samples were used from naturally infected Malian gametocyte carriers who received dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DP) or sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP–AQ) with or without gametocytocidal drugs. Gametocytes and ring-stage parasites were quantified by qRT-PCR during 42 days of follow-up. Results At baseline, 89% (64/73) of participants had measurable ring-stage parasite mRNA. Following treatment, the proportion of ring-stage parasite-positive individuals and estimated densities declined for all four treatment groups. Ring-stage parasite prevalence and density was generally lower in arms that received DP compared to SP–AQ. This finding was most apparent days 1, 2, and 42 of follow-up (p < 0.01). Gametocytocidal drugs did not influence ring-stage parasite persistence. Ring-stage parasite density estimates on days 14 and 28 after initiation of treatment were higher among individuals who subsequently experienced recurrent parasitaemia compared to those who remained free of parasites until day 42 after initiation of treatment (pday 14 = 0.011 and pday 28 = 0.068). No association of ring-stage persistence with gametocyte carriage was observed. Conclusions The current findings of lower ring-stage persistence after ACT without an effect of gametocytocidal partner drugs affirms the use of sbp1 as ring-stage marker. Lower persistence of ring-stage mRNA after ACT treatment suggests the marker may not reflect dormant parasites whilst it was predictive of re-appearance of parasitaemia.

scholarly journals Cost of increasing access to artemisinin combination therapy: the Cambodian experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunmay Yeung ◽  
Wim Van Damme ◽  
Duong Socheat ◽  
Nicholas J White ◽  
Anne Mills
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy
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