Enhanced anaerobic degradation of polymeric azo compounds byEscherichia coliin the presence of low-molecular-weight redox mediators

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rau ◽  
B. Maris ◽  
R. Kinget ◽  
C. Samyn ◽  
G. van den Mooter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Redox Mediators

scholarly journals SPREADING PROPERTY OF AZOPROTEINS IN THE DERMIS

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Claude
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Aromatic Derivative ◽  
Azo Group ◽  
Spreading Property

1. Azoproteins are shown to have the property of spreading when introduced intradermally into the rabbit skin. 2. The aromatic derivative selected for the coupling does not affect specifically the spreading property of the azoprotein. Likewise, the type of protein has no importance, except in quantitative respects. 3. The spreading property conferred upon a protein by coupling appears to derive from the presence of the azo group. 4. The spreading power of an azoprotein preparation seems to be determined by the number of diazo groups which enter the protein molecule, and to vary in direct proportion with the concentration of the solution. 5. Azo compounds of low molecular weight fail to exhibit any significant effect on skin permeability.

Recalcitrance as a catalyst for new developments

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Field
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Redox Mediators ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Weight Structure

Humic substances are very recalcitrant in anaerobic environments as substrates, mostly due to their non-hydrolyzable high molecular weight structure, which is incompatible for cell uptake. The recalcitrant nature can be applied towards immobilizing pollutants into non-toxic humic substances. Certain anaerobic bioconversions such as demethylation of lignin and reduction of nitro- or azo groups can activate pollutants for humification processes upon subsequent exposure to air. Although humic substances provide no carbon or energy for microorganisms, the evidence presented here indicates that they are very active as terminal electron acceptors and redox mediators promoting the anaerobic degradation and biotransformation of priority pollutants.

A high-performance oil-free backing pump for electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G.K.W. Balkau ◽  
E. Bez ◽  
J.L. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rotary Pumps ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The earliest account of the contamination of electron microscope specimens by the deposition of carbonaceous material during electron irradiation was published in 1947 by Watson who was then working in Canada. It was soon established that this carbonaceous material is formed from organic vapours, and it is now recognized that the principal source is the oil-sealed rotary pumps which provide the backing vacuum. It has been shown that the organic vapours consist of low molecular weight fragments of oil molecules which have been degraded at hot spots produced by friction between the vanes and the surfaces on which they slide. As satisfactory oil-free pumps are unavailable, it is standard electron microscope practice to reduce the partial pressure of organic vapours in the microscope in the vicinity of the specimen by using liquid-nitrogen cooled anti-contamination devices. Traps of this type are sufficient to reduce the contamination rate to about 0.1 Å per min, which is tolerable for many investigations.

Low-molecular-weight heparin in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R Hermes De Santis ◽  
Betsy S Laumeister ◽  
Vidhu Bansal ◽  
Vandana Kataria ◽  
Preeti Loomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Venous thromboembolism in a general hospital. An update with low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis

VASA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Schulz ◽  
Kesselring ◽  
Seeberger ◽  
Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Event Rates

Background: Patients admitted to hospital for surgery or acute medical illnesses have a high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Today’s widespread use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) for VTE prophylaxis is supposed to have reduced VTE rates substantially. However, data concerning the overall effectiveness of LMWH prophylaxis is sparse. Patients and methods: We prospectively studied all patients with symptomatic and objectively confirmed VTE seen in our hospital over a three year period. Event rates in different wards were analysed and compared. VTE prophylaxis with Enoxaparin was given to all patients at risk during their hospital stay. Results: A total of 50 464 inpatients were treated during the study period. 461 examinations were carried out for symptoms suggestive of VTE and yielded 89 positive results in 85 patients. Seventy eight patients were found to have deep vein thrombosis, 7 had pulmonary embolism, and 4 had both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The overall in hospital VTE event rate was 0.17%. The rate decreased during the study period from 0.22 in year one to 0,16 in year two and 0.13 % in year three. It ranged highest in neurologic and trauma patients (0.32%) and lowest (0.08%) in gynecology-obstetrics. Conclusions: With a simple and strictly applied regimen of prophylaxis with LMWH the overall rate of symptomatic VTE was very low in our hospitalized patients. Beside LMWH prophylaxis, shortening hospital stays and substantial improvements in surgical and anasthesia techniques achieved during the last decades probably play an essential role in decreasing VTE rates.

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