scholarly journals RelB/NF-κB2 Regulates Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Human Placenta

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1356-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Wang ◽  
Nataliya Parobchak ◽  
Todd Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Heterologous Promoter ◽  
P100 Processing

Placental CRH may be part of a clock that governs the length of human gestation. The mechanism underlying differential regulation of CRH in the human placenta is poorly understood. We report here that constitutively activated RelB/nuclear factor-κB2 (NF-κB)-2 (p100/p52) acts as an endogenous stimulatory signal to regulate CRH by binding to an NF-κB enhancer of CRH gene promoter in the human placenta. Nuclear staining of NF-κB2 and RelB in villous syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts was coupled with cytoplasmic CRH in syncytial knots of cytotrophoblasts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified that CRH gene associated with both RelB and NF-κB2 (p52). Dexamethasone increased synthesis and nuclear translocation of RelB and NF-κB2 (p52) and their association with the CRH gene. In contrast, progesterone, a down-regulator of placental CRH, repressed NF-κB2 (p100) processing, nuclear translocation of RelB and NF-κB2 (p52), and their association with the CRH gene. Luciferase reporter assay determined that the NF-κB enhancer of CRH was sufficient to regulate transcriptional activity of a heterologous promoter in primary cytotrophoblasts. RNA interference-mediated repression of RelB or NF-κB2 resulted in significant inhibition of CRH at both transcriptional and translational levels and prevented the dexamethasone-mediated up-regulation of CRH transcription and translation. These results suggest that the noncanonical NF-κB pathway regulates CRH production in the human placenta and is responsible for the positive regulation of CRH by glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals Estrogen stimulates SREBP2 expression in hepatic cell lines via an estrogen response element in the SREBP2 promoter

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Meng ◽  
Lu Zong
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Estrogen Response Element ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Lipid Disorder ◽  
Estrogen Response ◽  
Hepatic Cell Lines

Abstract Objective Hypoestrogenism in women is strongly associated with menopause and it can lead to lipid disorder, which predisposes people to premature cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism of lipid disorder remains unclear. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is the key transcription factor regulating cholesterol metabolism. We hypothesize that estrogen regulates SREBP2 transcription through an estrogen response element (ERE) in the SREBP2 promoter region. Methods Human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) were treated with dose-dependent concentrations of estradiol (E2) for 24 h. Then, SREBP2 expression was determined via real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. The expressions of the SREBP2 downstream target genes HMGCR and LDLR were determined via real-time PCR. Lipid secretion in the culture media of HepG2 cells was measured using ELISA. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified high-scoring ERE-like sequences in the SREBP2 gene promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis was used to confirm the ERE. DNA fragments of the putative or mutated ERE-like sequence were synthesized and ligated into pGL3-basic plasmid to construct the SREBP2 promoter luciferase reporter systems. SREBP2-Luciferase (SREBP2-Luc), SREBP2-Mutation (SREBP2-Mut) and the blank control were transfected into hepatic cell lines. Luciferase activities were measured using the dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and the luciferase reporter assay were repeated in human hepatoma cells (HuH-7). Results We found that E2 dose-dependently increased the expression of SREBP2 in HepG2 cells and that the increased levels were blocked when treated with an estrogen receptor-alpha antagonist. Additionally, E2 increased both HMGCR and LDLR expression and lipid secretion in HepG2 cells. Notably, we identified a functional ERE in the SREBP2 gene promoter, to which E2 could specifically bind and induce transcription. Conclusions An ERE was identified in the SREBP2 gene promoter. It mediates the regulation of SREBP2 expression by estrogen in hepatocytes. This study provides a mechanism to link cardiovascular disease with estrogen.

scholarly journals Xiao Yao San against Corticosterone-Induced Stress Injury via Upregulating Glucocorticoid Receptor Reaction Element Transcriptional Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Cao ◽  
Shenglan Gong ◽  
Fengxue Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Fu
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Induced Stress

Previous studies have revealed that uncontrollable stress can impair the synaptic plasticity and firing property of hippocampal neurons, which influenced various hippocampal-dependent tasks including memory, cognition, behavior, and mood. In this work, we had investigated the effects and mechanisms of the Chinese herbal medicine Xiao Yao San (XYS) against corticosterone-induced stress injury in primary hippocampal neurons (PHN) cells. We found that XYS and RU38486 could increase cell viabilities and decrease cell apoptosis by MTT, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays. In addition, we observed that XYS notably inhibited the nuclear translocation of GR and upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions levels of Caveolin-1, GR, BDNF, TrkB, and FKBP4. However, XYS downregulated the FKBP51 expressions. Furthermore, the results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and double luciferase reporter gene detection indicated that FKBP4 promotes the transcriptional activity of GR reaction element (GRE) by binding with GR, and FKBP51 processed the opposite action. Thein vivoexperiment also proved the functions of XYS. These results suggested that XYS showed an efficient neuroprotection against corticosterone-induced stress injury in PHN cells by upregulating GRE transcriptional activity, which should be developed as a potential candidate for treating stress injury in the future.

scholarly journals Endothelial nuclear lamina is not required for glucocorticoid receptor nuclear import but does affect receptor-mediated transcription activation

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. C309-C322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Nayebosadri ◽  
Julie Y. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Nuclear Mechanics

The lamina serves to maintain the nuclear structure and stiffness while acting as a scaffold for heterochromatin and many transcriptional proteins. Its role in endothelial mechanotransduction, specifically how nuclear mechanics impact gene regulation under shear stress, is not fully understood. In this study, we successfully silenced lamin A/C in bovine aortic endothelial cells to determine its role in both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation and glucocorticoid response element (GRE) transcriptional activation in response to dexamethasone and shear stress. Nuclear translocation of GR, an anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor, in response to dexamethasone or shear stress (5, 10, and 25 dyn/cm2) was observed via time-lapse cell imaging and quantified using a Bayesian image analysis algorithm. Transcriptional activity of the GRE promoter was assessed using a dual-luciferase reporter plasmid. We found no dependence on nuclear lamina for GR translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. However, the absence of lamin A/C led to significantly increased expression of luciferase under dexamethasone and shear stress induction as well as changes in histone protein function. PCR results for NF-κB inhibitor alpha (NF-κBIA) and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) genes further supported our luciferase data with increased expression in the absence of lamin. Our results suggest that absence of lamin A/C does not hinder passage of GR into the nucleus, but nuclear lamina is important to properly regulate GRE transcription. Nuclear lamina, rather than histone deacetylase (HDAC), is a more significant mediator of shear stress-induced transcriptional activity, while dexamethasone-initiated transcription is more HDAC dependent. Our findings provide more insights into the molecular pathways involved in nuclear mechanotransduction.

scholarly journals Compounds from Cynomorium songaricum with Estrogenic and Androgenic Activities Suppress the Oestrogen/Androgen-Induced BPH Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueni Wang ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Lin Miao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Lncap Cells ◽  
Mcf 7

Objective. To investigate the phytoestrogenic and phytoandrogenic activities of compounds isolated from CS and uncover the role of CS in prevention of oestrogen/androgen-induced BPH. Methods. Cells were treated with CS compounds, and immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the nuclear translocation of ERα or AR in MCF-7 or LNCaP cells; luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect ERs or AR transcriptional activity in HeLa or AD293 cells; MTT assay was performed to detect the cell proliferation of MCF-7 or LNCaP cells. Oestrogen/androgen-induced BPH model was established in rat and the anti-BPH, anti-estrogenic, and anti-androgenic activities of CS in vivo were further investigated. Results. The nuclear translocation of ERα was stimulated by nine CS compounds, three of which also stimulated AR translocation. The transcriptional activities of ERα and ERβ were induced by five compounds, within which only ECG induced AR transcriptional activity as well. Besides, ECG stimulated the proliferation of both MCF-7 cells and LNCaP cells. CS extract suppressed oestrogen/androgen-induced BPH progress in vivo by downregulation of E2 and T level in serum and alteration of the expressions of ERα, ERβ, and AR in the prostate. Conclusion. Our data demonstrates that compounds from CS exhibit phytoestrogenic and phytoandrogenic activities, which may contribute to inhibiting the oestrogen/androgen-induced BPH development.

Acetylation of an Ets Transcription Factor PU.1 Suppresses Its Transcriptional Activity.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2402-2402
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Mouri ◽  
Junichi Tsukada ◽  
Akiyoshi Fukamizu ◽  
Yoshiya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Il1b Gene

Abstract PU.1, a member of the Ets family transcription factors, is expressed restrictively in hematopoietic cells including monocytes and macrophages, and plays critical roles in the inflammatory responses and the development of hematopoietic cells. CREB-binding protein (CBP) regulates transcription by acetylating not only histones but also certain transcription factors. Here, we demonstrated that a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases, trichostatin A (TSA) inhibits PU.1 transcriptional activity in monocytes and further showed that deletion of a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain of CBP resulted in synergistic cooperativity between CBP and PU.1. When human monocytic cells THP-1 were treated with TSA, our immunoprecipitaion and western blot assay showed that TSA enhanced PU.1 acetylation. Next, we investigated the effect of TSA on the transcriptional regulation of PU.1-dependent gene promoters such as the human prointerleukin 1β (IL1B) gene and the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor α (GM-CSFRα) gene in transient transfection studies. Two distinct luciferase reporter plasmids (Luc) for the IL1B gene promoter and the GM-CSFRα gene promoter, IL1B-Luc and GM-CSFRα-Luc were used. When these plasmids were transiently transfected into THP-1 cells, TSA suppressed LPS-induced activities for the IL1B promoter and the GM-CSFRα promoter in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, when NF-κB luciferase reporter, NF-κB-Luc was transfected into THP-1 cells, TSA synergistically increased LPS-induced NF-κB activities. Moreover, when a PU.1 expression vector, pECEPU.1 was cotransfected into PU.1-deficient murine thymocytes EL4 along with either IL1B-Luc or GM-CSFRα-Luc. The PU.1-induced promoter activities were strongly suppressed through TSA treatment. FACS analysis further indicated that TSA suppressed LPS-induced expression of IL-1β and GM-CSFRα proteins. In addition, our EMSA data showed that TSA treatment did not affect DNA binding activity of PU.1 to the IL1B promoter. PU.1 has been shown to interact physically with CBP to transactivate their target genes. In our study, expression vectors for CBP wild-type or with a deletion of its HAT domain was cotransfected into EL4 cells along with IL1B-Luc and pECEPU.1. The HAT activity-deficient mutant showed synergistic transcriptional activity with PU.1 more strongly than the wild-type CBP. In this regard, our GST-pulldown assay showed that deletion of CBP HAT domain did not change binding affinity of CBP for PU.1. Our results propose a novel molecular mechanism by which PU.1-dependent genes is negatively regulated by HAT-induced acetylation in monocytes.

scholarly journals Genetic Variants and Functional Analyses of the ATG16L1 Gene Promoter in Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falan Han ◽  
Shuchao Pang ◽  
Zhaoqing Sun ◽  
Yinghua Cui ◽  
Bo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Promoter Mutations

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI), a common complex disease caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, is a serious type of coronary artery disease and is also a leading cause of death worldwide. Autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) is a key regulatory factor of autophagy and plays an important role in induced autophagy. In the cardiovascular system, autophagy is essential to preserve the homeostasis and function of the heart and blood vessels. No studies have hitherto examined the association between AMI and ATG16L1 gene promoter.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study, using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing techniques, dual luciferase reporter assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, to analyze genetic and functional variation in the ATG16L1 gene promoter between AMI and controls. A variety of statistical analyses were used to analyze the allele and genotype frequencies and the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and AMI.ResultsIn all, 10 SNPs and two DNA-sequence variants (DSVs) were identified in 688 subjects, and three ATG16L1 gene promoter mutations [g.233250693 T > C (rs185213911), g.233250946 G > A (rs568956599), g.233251133 C > G (rs1301744254)] that were identified in AMI patients significantly altered the transcriptional activity of ATG16L1 gene promoter in HEH2, HEK-293, and H9c2 cells (P < 0.05). Further electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that the SNPs affected the binding of transcription factors (P < 0.01).ConclusionATG16L1 gene promoter mutations in AMI patients may affect the binding of transcription factors and change the transcriptional activity of the ATG16L1 gene, changing the level of autophagy and contributing to the occurrence and development of AMI as rare and low-frequency risk factors.

scholarly journals CircMYO10 promotes osteosarcoma progression by regulating miR-370-3p/RUVBL1 axis to enhance the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/LEF1 complex via effects on chromatin remodeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxin Chen ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Yizheng Wu ◽  
Jianjun Ma ◽  
Hongfei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Abstract Background CircMYO10 is a circular RNA generated by back-splicing of gene MYO10 and is upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines, but its functional role in osteosarcoma is still unknown. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of circMYO10 in osteosarcoma. Methods CircMYO10 expression in 10 paired osteosarcoma and chondroma tissues was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The function of circMYO10/miR-370-3p/RUVBL1 axis was assessed regarding two key characteristics: proliferation and endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Bioinformatics analysis, western blotting, real-time PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down assays, luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments were used to evaluate the mechanism. Stably transfected MG63 cells were injected via tail vein or subcutaneously into nude mice to assess the role of circMYO10 in vivo. Results CircMYO10 was significantly upregulated, while miR-370-3p was downregulated, in osteosarcoma cell lines and human osteosarcoma samples. Silencing circMYO10 inhibited cell proliferation and EMT in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-370-3p targets RUVBL1 directly, and inhibits the interaction between RUVBL1 and β-catenin/LEF1 complex while circMYO10 showed a contrary effect via the inhibition of miR-370-3p. RUVBL1 was found to be complexed with chromatin remodeling and histone-modifying factor TIP60, and lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (LEF1) to promote histone H4K16 acetylation (H4K16Ac) in the vicinity of the promoter region of gene C-myc. Chromatin immunoprecipitation methods showed that miR-370-3p sponge promotes H4K16Ac in the indicated region, which is partially abrogated by RUVBL1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) while circMYO10 showed a contrary result via the inhibition of miR-370-3p. Either miR-370-3p sponge or ShRUVBL1 attenuated circMYO10-induced phenotypes in osteosarcoma cell lines. MiR-370-3p inhibition abrogated the inhibition of proliferation, EMT of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo seen upon circMYO10 suppression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions CircMYO10 promotes osteosarcoma progression by regulating miR-370-3p/RUVBL1 axis to promote chromatin remodeling and thus enhances the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/LEF1 complex, which indicates that circMYO10 may be a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.

The Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Sesamin are Mediated via Improved Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux Through PPARγ1-LXRα and MAPK Signaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin F. Majdalawieh ◽  
Hyo-Sung Ro
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

Background: Foam cell formation resulting from disrupted macrophage cholesterol efflux, which is triggered by PPARγ1 and LXRα, is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Sesamin and sesame oil exert anti-atherogenic effects in vivo. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying such effects are not fully understood. Aim: This study examines the potential effects of sesamin (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM) on PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity as well as macrophage cholesterol efflux. Methods: PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity are assessed by luciferase reporter assays. Macrophage cholesterol efflux is evaluated by ApoAI-specific cholesterol efflux assays. Results: The 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin up-regulated the expression of PPARγ1 (p< 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and LXRα (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 75 μM and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin led to 5.2-fold (p < 0.001) and 6.0-fold (p<0.001) increases in PPAR transcriptional activity and 3.9-fold (p< 0.001) and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001) increases in LXR transcriptional activity, respectively, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via MAPK signaling. Consistently, 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin improved macrophage cholesterol efflux by 2.7-fold (p < 0.001), 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), respectively, via MAPK signaling. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sesamin’s anti-atherogenic effects, which seem to be due, at least in part, to its ability to up-regulate PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity, improving macrophage cholesterol efflux. We anticipate that sesamin may be used as a therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.

MiR-144-3p Inhibits BMSC Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation Via Targeting FZD4 in Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (45) ◽  
pp. 4806-4812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibo Sun ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Fengbo Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Proliferation Ability

Background: MicroRNAs have recently been recognized to be engaged in the development of bone diseases. Objective: This study was performed to elucidate the effects of miR-144-3p on proliferation and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the patients with steroid-associated osteonecrosis (ONFH) and its related mechanism. Method: The expression level of miR-144-3p in the MSCs from the proximal femur of the patients was examined by Real-time PCR. The cell proliferation ability was assayed by MTT. The differentiation ability of MSCs was assayed by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. The interaction between miR-144-3p and frizzled4 (FZD4) was investigated by Real-time PCR, western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Results: ONFH samples had the obviously high expression of miR-144-3p compared to the control. MiR-144-3p had a negative effect on the proliferation and osteogenesis of MSCs. Via targeting FZD4, miR-144-3p decreased β-catenin nuclear translocation, the transcription of RUNX2 and COL1A1. Over-expression of FZD4 partially reversed miR-144-3p-induced decrease in the proliferation and osteogenesis of MSCs. Conclusion: MiR-144-3p might play an important role in the development of ONFH and might be used as a novel class of therapeutic targets for this disease.

scholarly journals Erucic Acid-Rich Yellow Mustard Oil Improves Insulin Resistance in KK-Ay Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Asako Takahashi ◽  
Mayu Ishizaki ◽  
Yoshifumi Kimira ◽  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shizuka Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Ay Mice

Obesity is a major risk factor for some metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. Enhancement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, is known to increase insulin-sensitive small adipocytes. In contrast, decreased PPARγ activity is also reported to improve insulin resistance. We have previously identified erucic acid as a novel natural component suppressing PPARγ transcriptional activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of erucic acid-rich yellow mustard oil (YMO) on obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice. An in vitro luciferase reporter assay and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation assay revealed that 25 µg/mL YMO significantly inhibited PPARγ transcriptional activity and differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes but promoted their differentiation into osteoblasts. In KK-Ay mice, dietary intake of 7.0% (w/w) YMO significantly decreased the surrogate indexes for insulin resistance and the infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. Furthermore, 7.0% YMO increased bone mineral density. These results suggest that YMO can ameliorate obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

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