scholarly journals Does Sex Bias Play a Role for Dissatisfied Patients With Hypothyroidism?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A McAninch ◽  
Jennifer S Glueck ◽  
Antonio C Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract The current state of the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease cannot be separated from the larger context of women’s health for the following reasons: (1) the disproportionate incidence and prevalence of functional and structural thyroid diseases among women vs men; (2) the role of thyroid health on fertility, pregnancy, and postpartum; and (3) the challenge posed in managing the nonspecific symptoms of functional thyroid disease in the context of menopause. Here, we explore the hypothesis that sex bias has played a role in the management of thyroid diseases historically and has extended into the modern medical era. Once knowledge gaps that may have resulted from sex bias are recognized, we can strive to overcome this bias and develop better treatments to improve patient outcomes universally.

scholarly journals The role of selenium in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Evgeniya S. Senyushkina ◽  
Maria A. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combined Deficiency

The past few years have been actively discussing the role of individual macro- and micronutrients as factors regulating the functional activity of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing a number of diseases, including thyroid diseases. Selenium is one of the most important and intensively studied at present microelements. According to several studies, its low plasma level is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases. In animal experiments, it was shown that a combined deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to more pronounced hypothyroidism than iodine deficiency alone. Some authors believe that cretinism in the newborn is a consequence of the combined deficiency of these two elements in the mother. It is also important that the optimal level of selenium is necessary both to initiate an immune response and to regulate an excessive immune response, as well as chronic inflammation. The review article discusses the relationship between selenium and thyroid pathology, discusses the role of selenium in the physiology of the thyroid gland and in the development of autoimmune diseases. The biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease are presented.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy in gastroesophageal cancers: Current state and future directions

2020 ◽  
pp. 107815522096353
Author(s):  
Hira Shaikh ◽  
Amir Kamran ◽  
Dulabh K Monga
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Targeted Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoints ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Improve Patient

While gastroesophageal (GE) cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide, unfortunately, the mortality remains high. Commonly used treatment options include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, which improve survival only minimally; thus, affirming the dire need for exploring alternative strategies to improve patient outcomes. Immunotherapy, which has revolutionized the world of oncology, has somewhat lagged behind in GE malignancies. Tumor-associated microenvironment and regulatory T cells, alongside cell cycle checkpoints, have been proposed by various studies as the mediators of carcinogenesis in GE cancers. Thus, inhibition of each of these could serve as a possible target of treatment. While the approval of pembrolizumab has provided some hope, it is not enough to override the dismal prognosis that this disease confers. Herein, we discuss the prospects of immunotherapy in this variety of cancer.

scholarly journals Targeting Epigenetic Dependencies in Solid Tumors: Evolutionary Landscape Beyond Germ Layers Origin

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Citron ◽  
Linda Fabris
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Genomic Alteration ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Improve Patient

Extensive efforts recently witnessed the complexity of cancer biology; however, molecular medicine still lacks the ability to elucidate hidden mechanisms for the maintenance of specific subclasses of rare tumors characterized by the silent onset and a poor prognosis (e.g., ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma). Recent mutational fingerprints of human cancers highlighted genomic alteration occurring on epigenetic modulators. In this scenario, the epigenome dependency of cancer orchestrates a broad range of cellular processes critical for tumorigenesis and tumor progression, possibly mediating escaping mechanisms leading to drug resistance. Indeed, in this review, we discuss the pivotal role of chromatin remodeling in shaping the tumor architecture and modulating tumor fitness in a microenvironment-dependent context. We will also present recent advances in the epigenome targeting, posing a particular emphasis on how this knowledge could be translated into a feasible therapeutic approach to individualize clinical settings and improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Concept of Stress in the Prognosis of Solid Tumors: A Role for Stress Granules Proteins?

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2470
Author(s):  
Anaïs Aulas ◽  
Pascal Finetti ◽  
Shawn M. Lyons ◽  
François Bertucci ◽  
Daniel Birnbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Stress Granules ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

Cancer treatments are constantly evolving with new approaches to improve patient outcomes. Despite progresses, too many patients remain refractory to treatment due to either the development of resistance to therapeutic drugs and/or metastasis occurrence. Growing evidence suggests that these two barriers are due to transient survival mechanisms that are similar to those observed during stress response. We review the literature and current available open databases to study the potential role of stress response and, most particularly, the involvement of Stress Granules (proteins) in cancer. We propose that Stress Granule proteins may have prognostic value for patients.

scholarly journals The role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in thyroid disease

2001 ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Andrikoula ◽  
A Tsatsoulis
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Soluble Fas

Recent evidence has emphasized the importance of apoptosis in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the pathogenesis of malignant and immune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, as well as other autoimmune endocrine diseases, have been associated with dysregulation of apoptotic signaling pathways. In particular, dysfunction of the Fas apoptotic pathway or production of soluble factors including soluble Fas and soluble Fas ligand may be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. On the other hand, malignant thyroid cells may avoid Fas-mediated suicide possibly by expression of inhibitors of apoptosis and evade the immune system by inducing apoptosis on infiltrating lymphocytes. The delicate balance between cell proliferation and cell death through the Fas pathway may also play an important role in the control of thyroid cell mass and goitrogenesis. This review analyzes the current evidence on the role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, thyroid cancer and goiter. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the regulation of apoptosis in thyroid disease remain unclear. Further investigation is needed.

scholarly journals REGENERATIVE REHABILITATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES DAMAGES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr S. Golota ◽  
Sergey G. Sherbak ◽  
Stanislav V. Makarenko ◽  
Andrey M. Sarana ◽  
Tatyana A. Kamilova
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Molecular Genetic Basis ◽  
Improve Patient

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of regenerative and rehabilitative treatments of skeletal muscles, the possibilities of restoring the functioning of tissue lost due to aging, injuries or diseases. The study of the molecular genetic basis of mechanotransduction and mechanotherapy will allow the identification of genes and molecules, the expression levels of which can serve as biomarkers of the effectiveness of regenerative-rehabilitation measures. These mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets for stimulating of regeneration of skeletal muscles. The focus of the article is on the choice of an individual approach, both when conducting basic scientific research and developing rehabilitation programs. All this will significantly improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals The Role of Medical Staff in Shaping the Nutrition Habits in Patients with Autoimmunization Thyroid Diseases in Poland.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Czubek ◽  
Piotr Romaniuk ◽  
Klaudia Alcer ◽  
Mirjana Varjacic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common diseases in humans. Their pathogenesis is complex. Patients are searching for ways of coping with them condition, including diet modifications. The aim of this study was to assess the role of medical personnel in shaping eating habits in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease based on experiences declared by patients. Methods: There were 208 people that took part in the study, of which 205 were qualified for final analysis. The results showed that patients most often choose online sources, while medical personnel rank second as the source of information on dietary recommendations.Results: People with thyroid disease are statistically more likely to use dietitian advice than people without thyroid disease. The highest percentage of respondents decided to modify their nutrition due to their own initiative. In addition, patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are statistically more likely to consider changing their diet to improve their well-being. The connection between the source of advice and modification of eating behaviour was also noted.Conclusion: Thanks to the joint effort of medical staff, patients can receive reliable knowledge about their disease, treatment and nutrition adapted to their needs.Trial registration: approved by the Bioethics Committee of Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (opinion no.: PCN/0022/KB1/80/2).

How does the brain change in chronic migraine? Developing disease biomarkers

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242097435
Author(s):  
Patricia Pozo-Rosich ◽  
Gianluca Coppola ◽  
Julio Pascual ◽  
Todd J Schwedt
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Improve Patient

Background Validated chronic migraine biomarkers could improve diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive abilities for clinicians and researchers, as well as increase knowledge on migraine pathophysiology. Objective The objective of this narrative review is to summarise and interpret the published literature regarding the current state of development of chronic migraine biomarkers. Findings Data from functional and structural imaging, neurophysiological, and biochemical studies have been utilised towards the development of chronic migraine biomarkers. These biomarkers could contribute to chronic migraine classification/diagnosis, prognosticating patient outcomes, predicting response to treatment, and measuring treatment responses early after initiation. Results show promise for using measures of brain structure and function, evoked potentials, and sensory neuropeptide concentrations for the development of chronic migraine biomarkers, yet further optimisation and validation are still required. Conclusions Imaging, neurophysiological, and biochemical changes that occur with the progression from episodic to chronic migraine could be utilised for developing chronic migraine biomarkers that might assist with diagnosis, prognosticating individual patient outcomes, and predicting responses to migraine therapies. Ultimately, validated biomarkers could move us closer to being able to practice precision medicine in the field and thus improve patient care.

Hospital-Based Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
J. Cedar Wang ◽  
Lori Podlinski
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
In Situ Simulation ◽  
Staffing Ratios ◽  
Current State ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Hospital Staffing ◽  
Improve Patient

This chapter discusses the current state of hospital-based simulation, including the unprecedented events of 2020's global COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital-based simulation training requires a new approach. The realities of social distancing and the operational demands of hospital staffing ratios warrant creative adaptations of traditional simulation training methods. Hospitals used simulation to improve patient outcomes by training healthcare staff and students through telesimulation, and tested systems and equipment using in situ simulation (ISS). Latent safety threats (LSTs) were identified and corrected to improve patient outcomes. Hospital-based simulation has been incorporated into newly licensed registered nurses (NLRNs) residency programs to prepare them for competent practice. Simulations are also used for preparing staff for low-incidence, high-risk medical emergencies or disasters, such as active shooter events. Hospital-based simulation training adds value to healthcare systems, but requires more evidence of its quantitative and qualitative impacts.

scholarly journals Role of the Ankle-jerk in the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease

BMJ ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 1 (5428) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Miles ◽  
I. Surveyor
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Management
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