scholarly journals High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet Disrupts the Preovulatory Hormone Surge and Induces Cystic Ovaries in Cycling Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 1488-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina M Volk ◽  
Veronika V Pogrebna ◽  
Jackson A Roberts ◽  
Jennifer E Zachry ◽  
Sarah N Blythe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Abstract Diet-induced obesity has been associated with various metabolic and reproductive disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which obesity influences the reproductive system are still not fully known. Studies have suggested that impairments in hormone signaling are associated with the development of symptoms such as acyclicity and ovarian cysts. However, these studies have often failed to address how these hormonal changes arise and how they might contribute to the progression of reproductive diseases. In the present study, we used a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet to induce obesity in a female rodent model to determine the changes in critical reproductive hormones that might contribute to the development of irregular estrous cycling and reproductive cycle termination. The HFHS animals exhibited impaired estradiol, progesterone (P4), and luteinizing hormone (LH) surges before ovulation. The HFHS diet also resulted in altered basal levels of testosterone (T) and LH. Furthermore, alterations in the basal P4/T ratio correlated strongly with ovarian cyst formation in HFHS rats. Thus, this model provides a method to assess the underlying etiology of obesity-related reproductive dysfunction and to examine an acyclic reproductive phenotype as it develops.

scholarly journals Effects of Greenshell Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Intake on Pathological Markers of Multiple Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6131
Author(s):  
Parkpoom Siriarchavatana ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Matthew R. Miller ◽  
Hong (Sabrina) Tian ◽  
Frances M. Wolber
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Ovx Rats

The prevalence of metabolic osteoarthritis has been increasing worldwide, particularly among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the New Zealand greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus; GSM) on osteoarthritis (OA) prevention in a rat model. One-hundred-and-eight female rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four test groups, containing 24 rats each, plus an additional control group. Each test group received one of the four experimental diets: normal control diet (ND), normal control diet supplemented with GSM (ND + GSM), high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS), or high fat/high sugar diet supplemented GSM (HFHS + GSM), for 36 weeks (end of the study). After 8 weeks on experimental diets, half of each group was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and the remaining half received a sham operation (ovaries left intact). The study evaluated body composition, bone mass, plasma cytokines, adipokines, HbA1c, CTX-II, and knee joint’s histopathology. HFHS diet and OVX significantly induced body weight gain and leptin production. OVX rats lost bone mineral density but increased adiponectin, HbA1C, and MCP-1. The OVX rats fed HFHS showed the highest Mankin scores. Importantly, inclusion of GSM reduced these pathological features. In conclusion, GSM might be beneficial in halting the progression of OA.

scholarly journals High-fat high-sugar diet induces polycystic ovary syndrome in a rodent model†

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Roberts ◽  
Ron A. Perets ◽  
Kathryn S. Sarfert ◽  
John J. Bowman ◽  
Patrick A. Ozark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
High Sugar

scholarly journals Reproductive alterations in hyperinsulinemic but normoandrogenic MSG obese female rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Simões Gaspar ◽  
Renata Ohana Alves Benevides ◽  
João Lucas de Lima Fontelles ◽  
Caroline Castro Vale ◽  
Lucas Martins França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Fertility Disorders ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Cysts

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are the common causes of reproductive and fertility disorders in women. In particular, polycystic ovary syndrome, which is clinically characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology, has been increasingly associated with metabolic disorders. However, given the broad interplay between metabolic and reproductive functions, this remains a field of intense research. In this study, we investigated the effect of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity on reproductive biology of female rats. Newborn female rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4g/kg/day) or equiosmolar saline (CTR) each 2 days up to postnatal day (pnd) 10. On pnd 60, estrous cycle was evaluated using vaginal smears twice a day for 15 days, which showed MSG rats to be oligocyclic. Thereafter, animals were killed on estrous phase for blood and tissue collection. MSG rats had increased body mass, accumulation of retroperitoneal and visceral fat pads, and visceral adipocyte hypertrophy compared with CTR rats. MSG rats were also dyslipidemic and hyperinsulinemic but were normoglycemic and normoandrogenic. Ovarian morphology analysis showed that MSG rats had a two-fold decrease in oocyte count but a six-fold increase on ovarian follicular cysts, along with a higher number of total primordial and atretic follicles. Moreover, MSG rats had a four-fold increase in anti-Müllerian hormone immunohistochemical staining on antral follicles. Taken together, data presented here characterize MSG obesity as a unique model to study the metabolic pathways underlying reproductive disorders in the absence of overactivated hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.

scholarly journals High-fat diet exposure from pre-pubertal age induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Patel ◽  
Gaurang Shah
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Lh Receptor ◽  
Group I

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, polycystic ovaries and metabolic syndrome. Many researchers reported that PCOS often starts with menarche in adolescents. Presently available animal model focuses on ovarian but not metabolic features of PCOS. Therefore, we hypothesized that high-fat diet feeding to pre-pubertal female rats results in both reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. Pre-pubertal female rats were divided into two groups: group I received normal pellet diet and group II received high-fat diet (HFD). In the letrozole study, adult female rats were divided into two groups: group I received 1% carboxy methyl cellulose and group II received 1 mg/kg letrozole orally. Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, estrus cycle, hormonal profile, ovary weight, luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor expression were measured. Polycystic ovarian morphology was assessed through histopathological changes of ovary. Feeding of HFD gradually increase glucose intolerance and fasting insulin levels. Triglyceride level was higher in HFD study while total cholesterol level was higher in the letrozole study. Alteration in testosterone and estrogen levels was observed in both studies. LH receptor expression was upregulated only in HFD study. Histopathological changes like increase cystic follicle, diminished granulosa cell layer and thickened theca cell layer were observed in letrozole as well as HFD study. High-fat diet initiated at pre-puberty age in rats produces both metabolic disturbances and ovarian changes similar to that observed clinically in PCOS patients. Letrozole on the other hand induces change in ovarian structure and function.

scholarly journals Obesity induced by high-fat diet promotes insulin resistance in the ovary

2010 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana H Akamine ◽  
Anderson C Marçal ◽  
João Paulo Camporez ◽  
Mara S Hoshida ◽  
Luciana C Caperuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Insulin Signaling Pathway ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats

Besides the effects on peripheral energy homeostasis, insulin also has an important role in ovarian function. Obesity has a negative effect on fertility, and may play a role in the development of the polycystic ovary syndrome in susceptible women. Since insulin resistance in the ovary could contribute to the impairment of reproductive function in obese women, we evaluated insulin signaling in the ovary of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Female Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat diet for 120 or 180 days, and the insulin signaling pathway in the ovary was evaluated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. At the end of the diet period, we observed insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, an increase in progesterone serum levels, an extended estrus cycle, and altered ovarian morphology in obese female rats. Moreover, in female obese rats treated for 120 days with the high-fat diet, the increase in progesterone levels occurred together with enhancement of LH levels. The ovary from high-fat-fed female rats showed a reduction in the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT intracellular pathway, associated with an increase in FOXO3a, IL1B, and TNFα protein expression. These changes in the insulin signaling pathway may have a role in the infertile state associated with obesity.

scholarly journals Congenital Anomalies Programmed by Maternal Diabetes and Obesity on Offspring of Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Caruline Araujo-Silva ◽  
Alice Santos-Silva ◽  
Andressa Silva Lourenço ◽  
Cristielly Maria Barros-Barbosa ◽  
Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Embryo-fetal exposure to maternal disorders during intrauterine life programs long-term consequences for the health and illness of offspring. In this study, we evaluated whether mild diabetic rats that were given high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet presented maternal and fetal changes at term pregnancy. Female rats received citrate buffer (non-diabetic-ND) or streptozotocin (diabetic-D) after birth. According to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the experimental groups (n = 11 animals/group) were composed of non-diabetic and diabetic receiving standard diet (S) or HF/HS diet. High-fat/high-sugar diet (30% kcal of lard) in chow and water containing 5% sucrose and given 1 month before mating and during pregnancy. During and at the end of pregnancy, obesity and diabetes features were determined. After laparotomy, blood samples, periovarian fat, and uterine content were collected. The diabetic rats presented a higher glycemia and percentage of embryonic losses when compared with the NDS group. Rats DHF/HS presented increased obesogenic index, caloric intake, and periovarian fat weight and reduced gravid uterus weight in relation to the other groups. Besides, this association might lead to the inflammatory process, confirmed by leukocytosis. Obese rats (NDHF/HS and DHF/HS) showed higher triglyceride levels and their offspring with lower fetal weight and ossification sites, indicating intrauterine growth restriction. This finding may contribute to vascular alterations related to long-term hypertensive disorders in adult offspring. The fetuses from diabetic dams showed higher percentages of skeletal abnormalities, and DHF/HS dams still had a higher rate of anomalous fetuses. Thus, maternal diabetes and/or obesity induces maternal metabolic disorders that contribute to affect fetal development and growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Concentration of Aqueous Extracts of Labisia pumila in Preventing Osteoporosis and Improvement of Dermal Elasticity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Aiman Zakaria ◽  
Mohd Qayyum Ab Latip ◽  
Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan ◽  
Hafandi Ahmad ◽  
Mazlina Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Needle Size ◽  
Labisia Pumila

Abstract Background: Labisia pumila (LP) a Malaysian herb thought to have phytoestrogenic effects in rats with PCOS. In this study we investigate the effects of LP aqueous extracts on bone composition, bone biomarkers and metabolic disorder in female rats fed continuously with high fat diet to induce PCOS. Hypothesis: The administration of Labisia pumila treatment in PCOS rats for 90 days will ameliorate the adverse effect of osteoporosis by reducing the inflammatory cytokine and improving the dermal elasticity of PCOS rats. Study design: On the 90th day of the development of PCOS model rats fed with high fat diet and after the vaginal smear analysis indicating a prolonged estrus cycle of more than 2 weeks, all PCOS rats were divided into 4 groups which consisted of control, placebo (water), LP25 (LP 25mg/kg) and LP50 (LP 50 mg/kg) respectively. All PCOS continue to received the formulated high fat diet and control animals continued to received normal chow and water ad libitum. Method: Vehicle and treatments, which were given orally by using stomach gavaging needle size 16 gauge straight and curve retrolingual administration. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the trial phase and organs, tissues and blood samples were harvested for multiple assays and analysis listed below.Results: The level of estradiol was significantly increased in LP25 and LP50 as compared with placebo. The inflammatory cytokine of C-reactive protein and TNF-ɑ were significantly decreased in LP25 and LP50.Conclusion: Treatment of LP extract might reduce the inflammatory cytokine related to the formation of osteoporosis and loss of bone mass, increase the insulin sensitivity and reduce of osteoporosis in PCOS patients. The phytoestrogenic of LP all of the above significant positive results are proven in lowering osteoporosis and metabolic disorder in PCOS rats.

scholarly journals Diet-induced Obesity Leads to Behavioral Indicators of Pain Preceding Structural Joint Damage in Wild-Type Mice.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Kerr ◽  
Bethia To ◽  
Ian White ◽  
Magali Millecamps ◽  
Frank Beier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Joint Degeneration ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Abstract Introduction: Obesity is one of the largest modifiable risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal diseases, including intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and back pain. Despite the clinical association, no studies have directly assessed whether diet-induced obesity accelerates IVD degeneration, back pain, or investigated the biological mediators underlying this association. In this study we examine the effects of chronic consumption of a high-fat or high-fat/high-sugar (western) diet on the IVD and pain-associated outcomes. Methods: Male C57BL/6N mice were randomized into one of three diet groups (control chow; high-fat; high-fat, high-sugar western diet) at 10-weeks of age and remained on the diet for 12, 24 or 40 weeks. At endpoint, animals were assessed for behavioral indicators of pain, joint tissues were collected for histological and molecular analysis, and IBA-1, GFAP and CGRP were measured in spinal cords by immunohistochemistry . Results: Animals fed obesogenic (high-fat or western) diets showed behavioral indicators of pain beginning at 12 weeks and persisting up to 40 weeks of diet consumption. Histological indicators of joint degeneration were not detected in the IVD or knee until 40 weeks on the experimental diets. Mice fed the obesogenic diets showed increased intradiscal expression of inflammatory cytokines and circulating levels of MCP-1 compared to control. Linear regression modeling demonstrated that age and diet were both significant predictors of most pain-related behavioral outcomes, but not histopathological joint degeneration.Conclusion: Diet-induced obesity accelerates IVD degeneration and knee OA in mice; however, pain-related behaviors precede and are independent of histopathological structural damage. These findings contribute to understanding the source of obesity-related back pain and the contribution of structural IVD degeneration.

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