scholarly journals Removal of Epididymal Visceral Adipose Tissue Prevents Obesity-Induced Multi-organ Insulin Resistance in Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Franczyk ◽  
Mai He ◽  
Jun Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The major purpose of this study was to test hypothesize that prophylactic removal of epididymal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) prevents obesity-induced multi-organ (liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) insulin resistance. Accordingly, we surgically removed epididymal VAT pads from adult C57BL/6J mice and evaluated in vivo and cellular metabolic pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism following chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. We found that VAT removal decreases HFD-induced body weight gain while increasing subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass. Strikingly, VAT removal prevents obesity-induced insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and markedly enhances insulin-stimulated AKT-phosphorylation at serine-473 (Ser473) and threonine-308 (Thr308) sites in SAT, liver, and skeletal muscle. VAT removal leads to decreases in plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic triglyceride (TG) content. In addition, VAT removal increases circulating adiponectin, a key insulin-sensitizing adipokine, whereas it decreases circulating interleukin 6, a pro-inflammatory adipokine. Consistent with these findings, VAT removal increases adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase C phosphorylation, a major downstream target of adiponectin signaling. Data obtained from RNA sequencing suggest that VAT removal prevents obesity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in liver and SAT, respectively. Taken together, these findings highlight the metabolic benefits and possible action mechanisms of prophylactic VAT removal on obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. Our results also provide important insight into understanding the extraordinary capability of adipose tissue to influence whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism as an active endocrine organ.

Altered Glucose Uptake in Muscle, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Brain Predict Whole-Body Insulin Resistance and may Contribute to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined PET/MR Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (08) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretha Boersma ◽  
Emil Johansson ◽  
Maria Pereira ◽  
Kerstin Heurling ◽  
Stanko Skrtic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractWe assessed glucose uptake in different tissues in type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and control subjects to elucidate its impact in the development of whole-body insulin resistance and T2D. Thirteen T2D, 12 prediabetes, and 10 control subjects, matched for age and BMI, underwent OGTT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies. Integrated whole-body 18F-FDG PET and MRI were performed during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to asses glucose uptake rate (MRglu) in several tissues. MRglu in skeletal muscle, SAT, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and liver was significantly reduced in T2D subjects and correlated positively with M-values (r=0.884, r=0.574, r=0.707 and r=0.403, respectively). Brain MRglu was significantly higher in T2D and prediabetes subjects and had a significant inverse correlation with M-values (r=–0.616). Myocardial MRglu did not differ between groups and did not correlate with the M-values. A multivariate model including skeletal muscle, brain and VAT MRglu best predicted the M-values (adjusted r2=0.85). In addition, SAT MRglu correlated with SAT glucose uptake ex vivo (r=0.491). In different stages of the development of T2D, glucose uptake during hyperinsulinemia is elevated in the brain in parallel with an impairment in peripheral organs. Impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and VAT together with elevated glucose uptake in brain were independently associated with whole-body insulin resistance, and these tissue-specific alterations may contribute to T2D development.

Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2445-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
John Rissanen ◽  
Heather Pedwell ◽  
Jennifer Clifford ◽  
Peter Shragge
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Ross, Robert, John Rissanen, Heather Pedwell, Jennifer Clifford, and Peter Shragge. Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2445–2455, 1996.—The effects of diet only (DO) and diet combined with either aerobic (DA) or resistance (DR) exercise on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), lean tissue (LT), and skeletal muscle (SM) tissue were evaluated in 33 obese men (DO, n= 11; DA, n = 11; DR, n = 11). All tissues were measured by using a whole body multislice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model. Within each group, significant reductions were observed for body weight, SAT, and VAT ( P < 0.05). The reductions in body weight (∼10%) and SAT (∼25%) and VAT volume (∼35%) were not different between groups ( P > 0.05). For all treatments, the relative reduction in VAT was greater than in SAT ( P < 0.05). For the DA and DR groups only, the reduction in abdominal SAT (∼27%) was greater ( P < 0.05) than that observed for the gluteal-femoral region (∼20%). Conversely, the reduction in VAT was uniform throughout the abdomen regardless of treatment ( P > 0.05). MRI-LT and MRI-SM decreased both in the upper and lower body regions for the DO group alone ( P < 0.05). Peak O2 uptake (liters) was significantly improved (∼14%) in the DA group as was muscular strength (∼20%) in the DR group ( P< 0.01). These findings indicate that DA and DR result in a greater preservation of MRI-SM, mobilization of SAT from the abdominal region, by comparison with the gluteal-femoral region, and improved functional capacity when compared with DO in obese men.

Whole-body skeletal muscle mass is not related to glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men and women

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Kuk ◽  
Katherine Kilpatrick ◽  
Lance E. Davidson ◽  
Robert Hudson ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The relationship between skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance was examined in 214 overweight or obese, but otherwise healthy, men (n = 98) and women (n = 116) who participated in various exercise and (or) weight-loss intervention studies. Subjects had a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and (or) insulin sensitivity measures by a 3 h hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp technique. Whole-body skeletal muscle mass and visceral adipose tissue were measured using a multi-slice magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Total body skeletal muscle mass was not associated with any measure of glucose metabolism in men or women (p > 0.10). These observations remained independent of age and total adiposity. Conversely, visceral adipose tissue was a significant predictor of various measures of glucose metabolism in both men and women with or without control for age and (or) total body fat (p < 0.05). Although skeletal muscle is a primary site for glucose uptake and deposition, these findings suggest that unlike visceral adipose tissue, whole-body skeletal muscle mass per se is not associated with either glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men and women.

scholarly journals The effects of obesity-associated insulin resistance on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ target genes, in dogs

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Gayet ◽  
Veronique Leray ◽  
Masayuki Saito ◽  
Brigitte Siliart ◽  
Patrick Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscle have central roles in determining whole-body insulin sensitivity. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a potential mediator of insulin sensitivity. It can directly modulate the expression of genes that are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, including GLUT4, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipocytokines (leptin and adiponectin). In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of obesity-associated insulin resistance on mRNA expression of PPARγ and its target genes. Dogs were studied when they were lean and at the end of an overfeeding period when they had reached a steady obese state. The use of a sensitive, real-time PCR assay allowed a relative quantification of mRNA expression for PPARγ, LPL, GLUT4, leptin and adiponectin, in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In visceral adipose tissue and/or skeletal muscle, mRNA expression of PPARγ, LPL and GLUT4 were at least 2-fold less in obese and insulin-resistant dogs compared with the same animals when they were lean and insulin-sensitive. The mRNA expression and plasma concentration of leptin was increased, whereas the plasma level and mRNA expression of adiponectin was decreased, by obesity. In adipose tissue, PPARγ expression was correlated with leptin and adiponectin. These findings, in an original model of obesity induced by a prolonged period of overfeeding, showed that insulin resistance is associated with a decrease in PPARγ mRNA expression that could dysregulate expression of several genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Adaptation of AMPK-mTOR-signal pathways and lipid metabolism in response to low- and high-rapeseed meal diet in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Li ◽  
Xu-Fang Liang ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Alam ◽  
Haocan Luo ◽  
Yanpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Chinese Perch ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background: Chinese perch, a carnivorous fish, can accept artificial diet after domestication nowadays, and this farm way will gain high economic interest and sustainability. However, the high content and high quality requirement of dietary protein make it need the high cost in Chinese perch. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of fish meal replacement by low- or high-rapeseed meal on growth performance, feeding, lipid and glucose metabolism. Methods: Three experimental diets were formulated with 0, 10% and 30% rapeseed meal, named as control, RSL and RSH, groups respectively. After the 8-week of feeding trial, growth performance, lipid metabolism and AMPK-mTOR-signal pathways were measured. Results: Chinese perch fed with RSH and RSL diets showed significantly decreased WG, SGR, BFR, VSI, MSI and the whole-body crude lipid compared to those fed with the control diet (P < 0.05). Fish in RSL group decreased feed intake, serum LDL-C, hepatic mRNA expression of LPL, PEPCK and phosphorylated Grb10 (P < 0.05). In visceral adipose tissue, mRNA expression of FAS, SREBP1, ACC1, HL, CPT1 and PEPCK were all significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). Fish in RSH group showed phosphorylated AMPK, hepatic mRNA expression of SREBP1, ACC1, FAS, PPARα and CPT1 were down-regulated, while HSL, G6PD and PC were up-regulated (P < 0.05). In visceral adipose tissue, mRNA expressions of SREBP1, LPL, CPT1 and PEPCK were down-regulated, while mRNA expression of HSL was up-regulated (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Chinese perch fed with RSL and RSH diets showed decreased fat deposition in viscera. Fish fed with low level of rapeseed meal diet ate less diet, which caused inhibited lipid metabolism in the liver and visceral adipose tissues.Fish fed with high level of rapeseed meal diet inhibited hepatic FA synthesis, activated lipolysis, hence reducing Acetyl-CoA pool. In turn, β-oxidation were inhibited, glycolysis was activated, thus lipid accumulation was decreased. In visceral adipose tissue, lipid uptake was inhibited, caused inhibited FA synthesis, β-oxidation, glycerol synthesis, and improved lipolysis.

Glucose Uptake in Muscle, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Brain Strongly Predict Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1790-P ◽  
Author(s):  
GRETHA J. BOERSMA ◽  
KERSTIN HEURLING ◽  
MARIA J. PEREIRA ◽  
EMIL JOHANSSON ◽  
MARK LUBBERINK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Visceral Adipose
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