Racial Differences in Bone Density between Young Adult Black and White Subjects Persist after Adjustment for Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Biochemical Differences

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ettinger
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Black And White

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Bone Density between Young Adult Black and White Subjects Persist after Adjustment for Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Biochemical Differences*†

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Ettinger ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Steven R. Cummings ◽  
Cesar Libanati ◽  
Daniel D. Bikle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Percentage Density ◽  
Black And White

Abstract This study tested whether racial differences in bone density can be explained by differences in bone metabolism and lifestyle. A cohort of 402 black and white men and women, ages 25–36 yr, was studied at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Northern California, a prepaid health plan. Body composition (fat, lean, and bone mineral density) was measured using a Hologic-2000 dual-energy x-ray densitometer. Muscle strength, blood and urine chemistry values related to calcium metabolism, bone turnover, growth factors, and level of sex and adrenal hormones were also measured. Medical history, physical activity, and lifestyle were assessed. Statistical analyses using t- and chi-square tests and multiple regression were done to determine whether racial difference in bone density remained after adjustment for covariates. Bone density at all skeletal sites was statistically significantly greater in black than in white subjects; on average, adjustment for covariates reduced the percentage density differences by 42% for men and 34% for women. Adjusted bone density at various skeletal sites was 4.5–16.1% higher for black than for white men and was 1.2–7.3% higher for black than for white women. We concluded that racial differences in bone mineral density are not accounted for by clinical or biochemical variables measured in early adulthood.

Racial differences in long-term outcomes among black and white patients with drug-eluting stents

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Lonnie T. Sullivan ◽  
Hillary Mulder ◽  
Karen Chiswell ◽  
Linda K. Shaw ◽  
Tracy Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Drug Eluting Stents ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
White Patients

The Relationship of Urinary Kallikrein Activity to Renal Salt and Water Excretion

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Levy ◽  
R. P. Frigon ◽  
R. A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Kallikrein Activity

1. We measured urinary kallikrein (kininogenin) excretion in black and white normotensive subjects during a variety of manipulations of salt and water balance. 2. A large intravenous saline load administered while the subjects were on an unrestricted sodium diet did not significantly change urinary kallikrein activity in either racial group. 3. After several days of dietary sodium restriction both racial groups increased their urinary kallikrein activity. An intravenous water load given then further increased urinary kallikrein activity. White subjects were studied for an additional 24 h period, and urinary kallikrein activity returned to pre-water load values, indicating that the excretion of a water load in sodium-depleted subjects is associated with an increase in kallikrein excretion. 4. Black subjects excreted less kallikrein in the urine than white subjects during the initial 24 h periods of unrestricted dietary sodium intake, but there were no other significant racial differences during the other experimental conditions.

Profile of Mood States: Racial Differences in a Delinquent Population

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Fagan ◽  
Frank T. Lira
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Recreational Programs ◽  
Racial Balance

When affective responses of 40 white and 40 black young adult delinquents were compared, white delinquents scored significantly higher on four of the six factors, Confusion, Tension, Depression, and Fatigue. Also, white subjects obtained significantly higher total mood disturbance scores. Results are discussed in terms of the racial balance of the institution, number of previous legal contacts, pre-confinement affiliations with other inmates, and failure or inability comfortably to pursue clinical and recreational programs aimed at reducing tension associated with incarceration.

Race Differences in Antisocial Behaviors and Attitudes and Early Initiation of Substance Use

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Wells ◽  
Diane M. Morrison ◽  
Mary R. Gillmore ◽  
Richard F. Catalano ◽  
Bonita Iritani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Antisocial Attitudes ◽  
American Children

This article examines racial differences in self-reported delinquency, school trouble, antisocial attitudes, and toughness and in teacher-rated aggressive and inattentive behaviors among fifth grade black, white, and Asian American subjects. Also examined are the relationships of these variables to substance initiation within each racial group. Controlling for socio-economic status, racial groups differed from one another in self-reported delinquency, school trouble and toughness, and in teacher-rated aggressiveness and inattention. Antisocial behavior and attitudes were stronger predictors of substance initiation for Asian American than for black and white children. For white children both self-reported and teacher-rated behavior were significantly related to substance initiation. For black children, only self-reported antisocial behavior, and for Asian American children only self-reported delinquent behavior and attitudes predicted substance initiation. Implications for prevention and research are discussed.

scholarly journals Looking Like a Winner: Candidate Appearance and Electoral Success in New Democracies

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chappell Lawson ◽  
Gabriel S. Lenz ◽  
Andy Baker ◽  
Michael Myers
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Snap Judgments

A flurry of recent studies indicates that candidates who simply look more capable or attractive are more likely to win elections. In this article, the authors investigate whether voters' snap judgments of appearance travel across cultures and whether they influence elections in new democracies. They show unlabeled, black-and-white pictures of Mexican and Brazilian candidates' faces to subjects living in America and India, asking them which candidates would be better elected officials. Despite cultural, ethnic, and racial differences, Americans and Indians agree about which candidates are superficially appealing (correlations ranging from .70 to .87). Moreover, these superficial judgments appear to have a profound influence on Mexican and Brazilian voters, as the American and Indian judgments predict actual election returns with surprising accuracy. These effects, the results also suggest, may depend on the rules of the electoral game, with institutions exacerbating or mitigating the effects of appearance.

Abstract T P146: Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With Stroke in Black and White Participants of the REGARDS Study

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E Judd ◽  
Virginia J Howard ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
Bhupesh Panwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Regards Study

Objective: Black Americans are at greater risk of both stroke and vitamin D deficiency than white Americans. We have previously shown that both higher dietary vitamin D and sunlight exposure are associated with decreased risk of stroke; however, serum 25(OH) is thought to be a better marker of vitamin D status. Methods: Using a case cohort design, we examined the association of plasma 25(OH)D with incident stroke in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a cohort of black and white participants from across the United States enrolled between 2003 and 2007. Medical records were reviewed by physicians and strokes were classified on the basis of symptoms and neuroimaging. Strokes through July 1, 2011 were included. A stratified cohort sample was selected to ensure approximately equal numbers of black and white participants and an equal distribution across ages. We used Cox proportional hazards models weighted back to the original 30,239 participants, excluding those with history of stroke. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by Immunodetection Systems ELISA. Results: Over mean follow-up of 4.4 years, there were 539 ischemic and 71 hemorrhagic strokes. The stroke-free sub-cohort included 939 participants. After adjustment for age, race, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, atrial fibrillation, heart disease, physical activity, kidney function, calcium and phosphorous, 25(OH)D level 30 ng/mL. The direction of association was similar for hemorrhagic stroke though not statistically significant (HR=1.59; 95%CI=0.78, 3.24). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of all stroke (HR=1.54; 95%CI=1.05, 2.23). This effect was greater in blacks (HR=2.09; 95%CI=1.09, 3.99) than whites (HR=1.38; 95%CI=0.78, 2.42). Results were not as strong when we modeled 25(OH)D as a continuous variable (HR=0.99 per 1 ng/ml change in 25(OH)D; 95%CI=0.98, 1.01). Discussion: Similar to low vitamin D intake, vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for incident stroke. These findings support evidence from cardiovascular and cancer epidemiology that treating low 25(OH)D may prevent strokes.

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