scholarly journals Neither Hormonal Factors Nor AGEs Explain Lower Prostate Cancer Risk in Older Men With Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6017-6024
Author(s):  
Yi X Chan ◽  
Helman Alfonso ◽  
P Gerry Fegan ◽  
Leon Flicker ◽  
Bu B Yeap
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Context Diabetes mellitus is conventionally associated with an increased risk of cancer; however, inverse associations of diabetes with prostate cancer are well described. Mechanisms are unclear, although hormonal factors, including alterations in sex hormone and IGF1 concentrations due to metabolic disturbances, have been hypothesized to play a role. Objective To assess sex hormones, IGF1, glucose, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as potential mediators of the association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer. Design and Participants Longitudinal cohort study. The association of baseline diabetes with prostate cancer incidence was assessed using proportional hazards competing risks analysis in 3149 men followed for 12 years. Baseline hormone, glucose, and carboxymethyllysine (CML) levels were examined as potential mediators of this association. Results Diabetes was associated with a lower prostate cancer risk (fully adjusted subhazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.92; P = 0.017). This association was unchanged after accounting for testosterone, DHT, estradiol, or SHBG. Similarly, the addition of IGF1 or its binding proteins 1 and 3, or glucose, did not alter this association. CML was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer, and additional correction for CML in the fully adjusted model did not alter the inverse association of diabetes and prostate cancer risk. Conclusions In this study, alterations in sex hormone, IGF1, glucose, and CML levels did not account for the inverse association of diabetes and prostate cancer risk. Further studies are required to provide more insight into underlying causes of this association.

scholarly journals Extent of Food Processing and Risk of Prostate Cancer: The PROtEuS Study in Montreal, Canada

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Trudeau ◽  
Marie-Claude Rousseau ◽  
Marie-Élise Parent
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Increased Risk

We studied the association between food intake, based on the extent of processing, and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada in 2005–2012. Incident prostate cancer cases (n = 1919) aged ≤75 years were histologically confirmed. Population controls (n = 1991) were randomly selected from the electoral list and frequency-matched to cases by age (±5 years). A 63-item food frequency questionnaire focusing on the two years prior to diagnosis/interview was administered by interviewers. The NOVA classification was used to categorize foods based on processing level. Unconditional logistic regression estimated the association between food intake and prostate cancer risk, adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, family history, and timing of last prostate cancer screening. Consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods showed a slight, inverse association (Odd ratio [OR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.07; highest vs. lowest quartile) with prostate cancer. An increased risk was observed with higher intake of processed foods (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.05–1.59; highest vs. lowest quartile), but not with consumption of ultra-processed food and drinks. The associations with unprocessed/minimally processed foods and processed foods were slightly more pronounced for high-grade cancers (ORs 0.80 and 1.33, respectively). Findings suggest that food processing may influence prostate cancer risk.

scholarly journals Social Jetlag and Prostate Cancer Incidence in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3873
Author(s):  
Liang Hu ◽  
Andrew Harper ◽  
Emily Heer ◽  
Jessica McNeil ◽  
Chao Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Increased Risk

We investigated the association of social jetlag (misalignment between the internal clock and socially required timing of activities) and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort in Alberta, Canada. Data were collected from 7455 cancer-free men aged 35–69 years enrolled in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project (ATP) from 2001–2007. In the 2008 survey, participants reported usual bed- and wake-times on weekdays and weekend days. Social jetlag was defined as the absolute difference in waking time between weekday and weekend days, and was categorized into three groups: 0–<1 h (from 0 to anything smaller than 1), 1–<2 h (from 1 to anything smaller than 2), and 2+ h. ATP facilitated data linkage with the Alberta Cancer Registry in June 2018 to determine incident prostate cancer cases (n = 250). Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions, adjusting for a range of covariates. Median follow-up was 9.57 years, yielding 68,499 person-years. Baseline presence of social jetlag of 1–<2 h (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.01), and 2+ hours (HR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.46) were associated with increased prostate cancer risk vs. those reporting no social jetlag (p for trend = 0.004). These associations remained after adjusting for sleep duration (p for trend = 0.006). With respect to chronotype, the association between social jetlag and prostate cancer risk remained significant in men with early chronotypes (p for trend = 0.003) but attenuated to null in men with intermediate (p for trend = 0.150) or late chronotype (p for trend = 0.381). Our findings suggest that greater than one hour of habitual social jetlag is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Longitudinal studies with repeated measures of social jetlag and large samples with sufficient advanced prostate cancer cases are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals The Association of Nighttime Fasting Duration and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from the Multicase-Control (MCC) Study in Spain

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2662
Author(s):  
Anna Palomar-Cros ◽  
Ana Espinosa ◽  
Kurt Straif ◽  
Beatriz Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Kyriaki Papantoniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Fasting Duration ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Reduced Risk

Nighttime fasting has been inconclusively associated with a reduced risk of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate this association in relation to prostate cancer risk. We examined data from 607 prostate cancer cases and 848 population controls who had never worked in night shift work from the Spanish multicase-control (MCC) study, 2008–2013. Through an interview, we collected circadian information on meal timing at mid-age. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with unconditional logistic regression. After controlling for time of breakfast, fasting for more than 11 h overnight (the median duration among controls) was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer compared to those fasting for 11 h or less (OR = 0.77, 95% 0.54–1.07). Combining a long nighttime fasting and an early breakfast was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer compared to a short nighttime fasting and a late breakfast (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.27–1.04). This study suggests that a prolonged nighttime fasting duration and an early breakfast may be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Findings should be interpreted cautiously and add to growing evidence on the importance of chrononutrition in relation to cancer risk.

Prostate cancer risk calculators for healthy population: A systematic review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bandala-Jacques ◽  
Kevin Daniel Castellanos Esquivel ◽  
Fernanda Pérez-Hurtado ◽  
Cristobal Hernández-Silva ◽  
Nancy Reynoso-Noverón
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Screening for prostate cancer has long been a debated, complex topic. The use of risk calculators for prostate cancer is recommended for determining patients’ individual risk of cancer and the subsequent need for a prostate biopsy. These tools could lead to a better discrimination of patients in need of invasive diagnostic procedures and for optimized allocation of healthcare resources OBJECTIVE To systematically review available literature on current prostate cancer risk calculators’ performance in healthy population, by comparing the impact factor of individual items on different cohorts, and the models’ overall performance. METHODS We performed a systematic review of available prostate cancer risk calculators targeted at healthy population. We included studies published from January 2000 to March 2021 in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German. Two reviewers independently decided for or against inclusion based on abstracts. A third reviewer intervened in case of disagreements. From the selected titles, we extracted information regarding the purpose of the manuscript, the analyzed calculators, the population for which it was calibrated, the included risk factors, and the model’s overall accuracy. RESULTS We included a total of 18 calculators across 53 different manuscripts. The most commonly analyzed ones were they PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators, developed from North American and European cohorts, respectively. Both calculators provided high precision for the diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer (AUC as high as 0.798 for PCPT and 0.91 for ERSPC). We found 9 calculators developed from scratch for specific populations, which reached diagnostic precisions as high as 0.938. The most commonly included risk factors in the calculators were age, PSA levels and digital rectal examination findings. Additional calculators included race and detailed personal and family history CONCLUSIONS Both the PCPR and the ERSPC risk calculators have been successfully adapted for cohorts other than the ones they were originally created for with no loss of diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, designing calculators from scratch considering each population’s sociocultural differences has resulted in risk tools that can be well adapted to be valid in more patients. The best risk calculator for prostate cancer will be that which was has been calibrated for its intended population and can be easily reproduced and implemented CLINICALTRIAL CRD42021242110

scholarly journals O8A.4 Asbestos exposure and prostate cancer, really?

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A71.1-A71
Author(s):  
Marie-Elise Parent ◽  
M Hugues Richard
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Chrysotile Asbestos ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundGeneral population exposure to asbestos from residential insulation and from environmental sources during childhood have recently been associated with prostate cancer. While asbestos fibers can be found in the prostate of workplace-exposed men at autopsy, few occupational studies have reported on asbestos exposure and prostate cancer incidence. We examined the association between lifetime occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos and prostate cancer risk in a large population-based case-control study.MethodsCases were 1933 men with histologically-confirmed incident prostate cancer, aged ≤75 years, diagnosed in 2005–2009 in Montreal. Concurrently, 1994 population controls from the same residential area and age distribution were randomly selected from electoral lists. In-person interviews elicited detailed socio-demographics, lifestyle and work histories. Industrial hygienists used job-specific information to provide semi-quantitative evaluations of intensity and frequency of exposure to 345 chemical agents, including asbestos, and a measure of confidence in the evaluation. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prostate cancer risk associated with exposure to chrysotile asbestos.ResultsAfter restriction to probable and definite exposure, and application of a 5 year lag, 12.5% of cases and 11.8% of controls were ever exposed to asbestos (OR=1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.3). For duration of exposure, there was no increase in risk of overall prostate cancer in the lower tertiles of exposure but risk was elevated in the upper tertile (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2). Similarly, for cumulative exposure, risk was elevated in the upper tertile only (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). Analyses considering tumor grades also showed a higher risk in the upper tertile of cumulative exposure for non-aggressive (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2) and especially aggressive (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0) cancers.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with an increased risk of prostate cancer with prolonged and high cumulative exposure to chrysotile asbestos, and particularly for the aggressive form of the disease.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Prostate Cancer Risk; A Nationwide Case–Control Study within PCBaSe Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Fall ◽  
Hans Garmo ◽  
Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir ◽  
Pär Stattin ◽  
Björn Zethelius
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk

The Prostate ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Pierce ◽  
Stephen Plymate ◽  
Elaine A. Ostrander ◽  
Janet L. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between XRCC1-Arg399Gln and Arg280His Polymorphisms and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yan ◽  
Xiantao Wang ◽  
Hui Tao ◽  
Zengfu Deng ◽  
Wang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Xrcc1 Arg399gln ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Arg399gln Polymorphism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common noncutaneous malignancies in Western countries. Because there has been a debate regarding the relationship between the XRCC1-Arg399Gln and Arg280His polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk, we therefore performed this meta-analysis. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and Medline were searched prior to October 1, 2014. An odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to calculate association. Heterogeneity was tested by both a chi-square test and I2statistic. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 software. A significant association between the XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism and prostate cancer risk was found under a homozygote model and a recessive model. A significant association between XRCC1-Arg280His and prostate cancer risk was found under a heterozygote model and a dominant model. Overall, the results of this meta-analysis show that the XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer under the homozygote model and the recessive model. And XRCC1-Arg280His polymorphism is likely to be related with prostate cancer risk under the heterozygote model and the dominant model. Additional larger well-designed studies are needed to validate our results.

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