scholarly journals Longitudinal Trajectories of Gestational Thyroid Function: A New Approach to Better Understand Changes in Thyroid Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2889-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Pop ◽  
Maarten Broeren ◽  
Hennie Wijnen ◽  
Joyce Endendijk ◽  
Anneloes van Baar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Class 1

Abstract Context Most studies of thyroid function changes during pregnancy use a cross-sectional design comparing means between groups rather than similarities within groups. Objective Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) is a novel approach to investigate longitudinal changes that provide dynamic understanding of the relationship between thyroid status and advancing pregnancy. Design Prospective observational study with repeated assessments. Setting General community. Patients Eleven hundred healthy women were included at 12 weeks’ gestation. Main Outcome Measures The existence of both free T4 (fT4) and TSH trajectories throughout pregnancy determined by LCGA. Results LCGA revealed three trajectory classes. Class 1 (n = 1019; 92.4%), a low increasing TSH reference group, had a gradual increase in TSH throughout gestation (from 1.1 to 1.3 IU/L). Class 2 (n = 30; 2.8%), a high increasing TSH group, displayed the largest increase in TSH (from 1.9 to 3.3 IU/L). Class 3 (n = 51; 4.6%), a decreasing TSH group, had the largest fall in TSH (from 3.2 to 2.4 IU/L). Subclinical hypothyroidism at 12 weeks occurred in up to 60% of class 3 women and was accompanied by elevated thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) titers (50%) and a parental history of thyroid dysfunction (23%). In class 2, 70% of women were nulliparous compared with 46% in class 1 and 49% in class 3. Conclusions LCGA revealed distinct trajectories of longitudinal changes in fT4 and TSH levels during pregnancy in 7.4% of women. These trajectories were correlated with parity and TPO-Ab status and followed patterns that might reflect differences in pregnancy-specific immune tolerance between nulliparous and multiparous women.

scholarly journals Influence of Smoking on Thyroid Function in Japanese Subjects: Longitudinal Study for One Year of On-Off Smoking

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 2385-2396
Author(s):  
Yasuyo Nakajima ◽  
Sayaka Yamada ◽  
Ayaka Nishikido ◽  
Akiko Katano-Toki ◽  
Emi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Japanese Subjects

Abstract Context We previously identified factors affecting thyroid status, including sex, age, and smoking. Objective In the current study, we increased the number of subjects examined and investigated the effects of these factors, particularly smoking and the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), in Japanese patients with euthyroxinemia and serum free T4 levels within the normal range. Participants A total of 12,289 subjects who underwent health checkups were analyzed in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Results The mean age of subjects was 50 ± 10 years (age range: 21 to 88 years). Serum TSH levels and the prevalence of positivity for TPO-Ab increased with age in Japanese subjects with euthyroxinemia. Mean serum TSH levels were significantly lower in the smoking group than in the nonsmoking group except for women older than 50 years. Serum TSH levels were significantly higher in subjects with positivity for TPO-Ab than in those with negativity at all ages and in both sexes; however, smoking did not affect free T4 levels or positivity for TPO-Ab. Among men, the rate of smokers was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (25%) than in those with subclinical hypothyroidism (10%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of the longitudinal study revealed a significant decrease in serum TSH levels 1 year after the start of smoking in men (P < 0.05). Conclusion Because smoking appeared to lower serum TSH levels in Japanese subjects with euthyroxinemia, their smoking status warrants careful consideration when evaluating subclinical thyroid function.

scholarly journals HbA1c is inversely associated with thyroid cysts in a euthyroid population: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253841
Author(s):  
Yuji Shimizu ◽  
Shin-Ya Kawashiri ◽  
Yuko Noguchi ◽  
Yasuhiro Nagata ◽  
Takahiro Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) is revealed to be inversely associated with thyroid cysts among euthyroid population. TPO-Ab causes autoimmune thyroiditis by bolstering thyroid inflammation. Therefore, at least partly, absence of thyroid cysts could indicate latent thyroid damage. Since participants with subclinical hypothyroidism are reported to have higher HbA1c than normal healthy controls, HbA1c could be inversely associated with thyroid cysts through a mechanism reflecting latent thyroid damage. To investigate the association between HbA1c and thyroid cysts among a euthyroid population, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,724 Japanese individuals who were within the normal range of thyroid function [i.e., normal range of free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4)] and aged 40–74 years. Among this study population, 564 were diagnosed with thyroid cysts. Independently of thyroid related hormones [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3, and free T4] and known cardiovascular risk factors, HbA1c was found to be significantly inversely associated with the presence of thyroid cysts. This association remained significant even after this analysis was limited to participants within a normal range of TSH. The fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of thyroid cysts for 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of HbA1c were 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) for total participants and 0.80 (0.70, 0.92) for participants within a normal range of TSH. Among participants with normal thyroid function, HbA1c was inversely associated with the presence of thyroid cysts. The absence of thyroid cysts and higher levels of HbA1c could indicate the latent functional damage of the thyroid.

scholarly journals Link between autoimmune hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1804-1808
Author(s):  
Anam Rehman ◽  
Shireen Jawed ◽  
Amna Rashid Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a rampant endocrine disorder distressing women of child bearing age worldwide. Many current researches have detected the presence of some organ specific and non-specific autoantibodies in females with PCOS. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting:  Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period: April to September 2017. Material & Methods: This study comprised of 88 female subjects of 17-35 years old. Participants were divided into four group’s i.e PCOS obese females, PCOS non-obese, obese females without PCOS and age matched controls. Thyroid function was evaluated by the measurement of serum TSH, FT3 and FT4 levels. Thyroid peroxidase antibody was detected as an indicator of thyroid autoimmunity. All parameters were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay technique (CLIA). SPSS version 22 was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Out of total 88 female participants, 38.6% were hypothyroid and 61.4% were euthyroid females. While on comparing the percentages of hypothyroidism among the study groups PCOS, non-PCOS patients and obese we found higher percentages of hypothyroidism among non-obese PCOS. Thyroid peroxidase antibody levels were higher in PCOS obese subjects. PCOS patients have 15 times more risk for hypothyroidism as compared to non-PCOS patients. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism was commonly found in PCOS patients with high levels of TPO-Antibody indicating that PCOS is an independent risk factor for hypothyroidism which suggests that evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity must be deliberated in PCOS patients.

scholarly journals SAT-576 Possible Involvement of Thyroid Function in PCSK9 Inhibitor Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayasu Iwabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patient ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract INTRODUCTION Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition is an effective strategy for lowering plasma LDL-cholesterol and enhancing the LDL-cholesterol lowering ability of statins. PCSK9, a serine protease that binds to the LDL receptor promoting its degradation, is an important regulator of LDL metabolism. In addition, LDL-cholesterol is also controlled by TSH and thyroid hormones via PCSK9. TSH has received increasing attention as being closely associated with increased LDL-cholesterol level and higher atherosclerotic risks. In vitro study, the effects of TSH on hepatic PCSK9 expression in HepG2 cells were reported (1). I here report a case of transient hyperthyroidism secondary to PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. This case highlights the involvement of thyroid function in PCSK9 Inhibitor therapy. CLINICAL CASE A 65-year-old man had a weight loss of 6 kg (13 lbs.) in 4 months, accompanied with fatigue. He had a past history of myocardial infarction and his LDL was 83 mg/dL by 2.5mg of rosuvastatin and heart rate was controlled by 10mg of carvedilol. Six months ago, he started a PCSK9 Inhibitor therapy with 140mg of evolocumab every 2 weeks for 6 weeks. He had no preceding viral illness and denied anterior neck pain or tenderness. His height was 1.53 m, weight 52.6 kg (115 lbs.), and body mass index (BMI) 22.46 kg/m2. His thyroid was not enlarged and non-tender without clear palpable thyroid nodules or neck lymph nodes. Hyperthyroidism was suspected and confirmed by thyroid function tests: TSH was less than 0.0005 μIU/mL (normal 0.35–4.94), and free T4 1.830 ng/dL (0.70–1.48). Graves’ disease was considered, and thyroid antibody tests performed. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody titer was less than 9 IU/mL (&lt;9), and TSI 141% (&lt;120%). To confirm the diagnosis of this hyperthyroid patient, Technetium-99m uptake and scan was done which showed uptake of 0.8% (0.5–7%). After careful observation for 2 months with 5mg of carvedilol, he turned asymptomatic and free T4 lowered to 1.480 ng/dL and TSH remained less than 0.0005 μIU/mL. CLINICAL LESSONS I here report a case of transient hyperthyroidism secondary to PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. There has been no report of hyperthyroidism induced by PCSK9 inhibitors. Immunological influence of anti-PCSK9 therapy on thyroid is unknown. In this case, the decrease of TSH due to hyperthyroidism was considered to reduce hepatic PCSK9 expression, leading to additive effect to PCSK9 inhibitor. PCSK9 inhibitors may modify the effects of hyperlipidemia treatment by causing changes in thyroid function. When using PCSK9 inhibitors, follow-up of thyroid function should be considered. This case highlights the involvement of thyroid function in PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. Reference (1) Gong, Y., Ma, Y., et al. Thyroid stimulating hormone exhibits the impact on LDLR/LDL-c via up-regulating hepatic PCSK9 expression. Metabolism. 2017;76;32–41

scholarly journals Distribution of thyroid peroxidase positivity and its effects on thyroid function in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in Dhaka city

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ohida Sultanaa ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana ◽  
Farzana Mahmudad ◽  
Tazdik G Chowdhurye
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Group B

Objective: To measure the distribution of TPO-Ab positivity and to observe the effect of thyroid peroxidase positivity on thyroid function during first trimester in normal pregnancy. Method: A cross sectional among 120 subjects were taken in this study and divided into control and study groups. Control group (Group A) consisted of 60 healthy non pregnant women age ranged between 20 to 35 years. Study group (Group B) consisted of 60 normal pregnant women of same age range. Group B was further subdivided into group B1 and group B2according to the level of TPO-Ab. Group B1 consisted of TPO-Ab positive pregnant women and group B2 consisted of TPO- Ab negative pregnant women. Control group was selected from personal contacts and study group from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Serum FT4, TSH were measured by Enzyme link immunosorbant (ELISA) method. Again, serum TPO-Ab of total study population and hCG of all the pregnant women were measured. Serum TPO-Ab by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method and hCG was estimated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 17. Results: In this study, serum FT4 and was significantly (P<0.001) higher and TSH level was significantly (P<0.001) lower in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in comparison to those of non pregnant women. Again, 18% of pregnant women showed TPO-Ab positivity. However, serum FT4 level was significantly (P<0.001) lower whereas, TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in TPO-Ab positive pregnant women in comparison to those of TPO-Ab negative pregnant women. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity increases during 1st trimester of normal pregnancy which decreases the hyper functional state of thyroid hormones. So, thyroid screening should be done routinely during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 15-20

scholarly journals Does foetal gender influence maternal thyroid parameters in pregnancy?

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Sitoris ◽  
Flora Veltri ◽  
Pierre Kleynen ◽  
Malika Ichiche ◽  
Serge Rozenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

Objective It is unknown if foetal gender influences maternal thyroid function during pregnancy. We therefore investigated the prevalence of thyroid disorders and determined first-trimester TSH reference ranges according to gender. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 1663 women with an ongoing pregnancy was conducted. Twin and assisted pregnancies and l-thyroxine or antithyroid treatment before pregnancy were exclusion criteria. Serum TSH, free T4 (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were measured at median (interquartile range; IQR) 13 (11–17) weeks of gestation. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was present when serum TSH levels were >3.74 mIU/L with normal FT4 levels (10.29–18.02 pmol/L), and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) was present when TPOAb were ≥60 kIU/L. Results Eight hundred and forty-seven women were pregnant with a female foetus (FF) and 816 with a male foetus (MF). In women without TAI and during the gestational age period between 9 and 13 weeks (with presumed high-serum hCG levels), median (IQR range) serum TSH in the FF group was lower than that in the MF group: 1.13 (0.72–1.74) vs 1.24 (0.71–1.98) mIU/L; P = 0.021. First-trimester gender-specific TSH reference range was 0.03–3.53 mIU/L in the FF group and 0.03–3.89 mIU/L in the MF group. The prevalence of SCH and TAI was comparable between the FF and MF group: 4.4% vs 5.4%; P = 0.345 and 4.9% vs 7.5%; P = 0.079, respectively. Conclusions Women pregnant with an MF have slightly but significantly higher TSH levels and a higher upper limit of the first-trimester TSH reference range, compared with pregnancies with a FF. We hypothesise that this difference may be related to higher hCG levels in women pregnant with a FF, although we were unable to measure hCG in this study. Further studies are required to investigate if this difference has any clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Lyme Disease: An Autoimmunity-Based “Destructive Thyroiditis” or Just Another “Non-Thyroidal Illness”?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A940-A941
Author(s):  
Nyembezi Dhliwayo ◽  
Rana Wajahat ◽  
Andriy Havrylyan ◽  
Alvia Moid ◽  
Walid Khayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Antigenic Properties

Abstract There is considerable evidence that some Borrelial (Lyme spirochetal) proteins share significant antigenic properties with several thyroid-related proteins (e.g. TSH receptor, thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase) and can induce thyroid autoimmunity, sometimes associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and perhaps also a “destructive thyroiditis” such as “silent” thyroiditis or “Hashitoxicosis.” As an acute illness, Lyme disease may also constitute a “non-thyroidal illness” capable of perturbing thyroid function tests without causing thyroid dysfunction. We report a 22-year old woman admitted with an acute paranoid schizophrenia, thyroid function tests consistent with autoimmunity, transient thyrotoxicosis (tachycardia, lid-lag, brisk DTR’s) and a greatly reduced radioiodine uptake. The thyroid was not palpably enlarged, nodular or tender. On screening assay, reactivity was demonstrated to 4 of 13 Borrelial proteins. Anti-Lyme IgM but not IgG, antibodies, were positive. This was consistent with recent Lyme disease infection. Serum TSH (NL: 0.358-3.74 mcU/ml), Free T4 (NL: 0.76-1.46 ng/dl), and Free T3 (NL: 2.18-3.98 pg/ml) were, respectively: Day1: 0.087 mcU/ml (suppressed), 1.52 ng/dl (slightly elevated), 2.07 pg/ml (slightly reduced); Day2: 0.148 (suppressed), 1.18 (normal), no FT3; Day4: 0.827 (normal), no FT4 or FT3; Day5: 1.66 (normal), 0.89 (normal), 1.77 (low). Anti-Tg and Anti-Peroxidase antibodies were both moderately elevated. Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins were not elevated. The radioactive iodine uptake on Day4 was 2.8% (NL: 15-30% at 24 hr). Thyroid ultrasonogram was normal. An attractive explanation is that Lyme disease triggered a “destructive thyroiditis,” perhaps but not necessarily mediated by thyroid autoimmunity. This would account for the brief interval of thyrotoxicosis accompanied by a very low radioiodine uptake. Alternatively, Lyme disease, as an acute process, would expectedly be capable of eliciting the thyroid function abnormalities of “non-thyroidal illnesses” in general, as would acute psychosis, well-known to often resemble Graves’ disease at admission.

Academic performance and subtypes of psychological traits in undergraduate nursing students: A latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Wanqiong Zhou ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Class 1

Abstract Background: Undergraduate nursing students often encounter emotional problems due to academic stress. However, researchers have primarily focused on the impact of stressors, rather than understanding the subtypes of psychological state among students.Objectives: To identify subgroups of psychological traits among undergraduate nursing students using latent class analysis (LCA), and to examine the relationship between subgroups and exam failure risk.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from May to July 2019. The Ruminative Responses Scale, Learning Burnout Questionnaire and Psychological Capital Scale were used to evaluate students’ psychological traits. Subjects were categorized into subgroups by latent class analysis. Cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal regression analyses were subsequently performed.Settings and Participants: A total of 379 undergraduate nursing students from three medical colleges in Shanghai were investigated by cluster sampling method.Results: A total of four latent classes were identified based on the mean scores of rumination, learning burnout and psychological capital: Class 1 – General group (N=181, 47.76%); Class 2 – Negative psychologically dominated group (N=54, 14.25%); Class 3 – Positive psychologically dominated group (N=65, 17.15%); and Class 4 – Ambivalence psychological group (N=79, 20.84%). Students belonging into Class 1 and 2 displayed a higher rate of exam failure compared with those in Class 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that Class 1 (OR=2.108, 95%CI 1.240-4.118, p=0.006) and Class 2 (OR=2.694, 95%CI 1.229-6.293, p=0.016) independently predicted exam failure among undergraduate nursing students after adjusting for age, gender, grade and other academic related factors.Conclusions: Our findings provide practical implications for effective interventions that target each specific subgroup. Undergraduate nursing students with “Negative psychologically dominated group” were at a higher risk of exam failure. Urgent attention should be paid to address issues associated with psychological coping in students and their effect on learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Perchlorate and Thiocyanate Exposure and Thyroid Function in First-Trimester Pregnant Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 3207-3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Pearce ◽  
John H. Lazarus ◽  
Peter P. A. Smyth ◽  
Xuemei He ◽  
Daniela Dall'Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Tsh

Context: Thyroid hormone, requiring adequate maternal iodine intake, is critical for fetal neurodevelopment. Perchlorate decreases thyroidal iodine uptake by competitively inhibiting the sodium/iodide symporter. It is unclear whether environmental perchlorate exposure adversely affects thyroid function in pregnant women. Thiocyanate, derived from foods and cigarette smoke, is a less potent competitive sodium/iodide symporter inhibitor than perchlorate. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether environmental perchlorate and/or thiocyanate exposure is associated with alterations in thyroid function in pregnancy. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study at health centers in Cardiff, Wales, and Turin, Italy. Patients: During 2002–2006, 22,000 women at less than 16 wk gestation were enrolled in the Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening Study. Subsets of 261 hypothyroid/hypothyroxinemic and 526 euthyroid women from Turin and 374 hypothyroid/hypothyroxinemic and 480 euthyroid women from Cardiff were selected based on availability of stored urine samples and thyroid function data. Main Outcome Measures: Urinary iodine, thiocyanate, and perchlorate and serum TSH, free T4 (FT4), and thyroperoxidase antibody were measured. Results: Urinary iodine was low: median 98 μg/liter in Cardiff and 52 μg/liter in Turin. Urine perchlorate was detectable in all women. The median (range) urinary perchlorate concentration was 5 μg/liter (0.04–168 μg/liter) in Turin and 2 μg/liter (0.02–368 μg/liter) in Cardiff. There were no associations between urine perchlorate concentrations and serum TSH or FT4 in the individual euthyroid or hypothyroid/hypothyroxinemic cohorts. In multivariable linear analyses, log perchlorate was not a predictor of serum FT4 or TSH. Conclusions: Low-level perchlorate exposure is ubiquitous but did not affect thyroid function in this cohort of iodine-deficient pregnant women.

Thyroid peroxidase antibodies are common in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, but are weakly associated with thyroid function

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Liisa Saare ◽  
Aleksandr Peet ◽  
Vallo Tillmann
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Hla Dq

AbstractObjectivesThe need for screening for autoimmune thyroid disease in children who have HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D), but have not yet been diagnosed with T1D, has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies and its effect on thyroid function in children with genetic susceptibility to T1D as well as to describe the association between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotypes.MethodsCross-sectional study in 223 children (112 boys) aged 7.4–10.5 years with HLA-conferred susceptibility to T1D. TPOAb were measured in all children; thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and thyroid function in TPOAb positive subjects.ResultsGirls had a significantly higher median TPOAb concentration than boys (12 vs 11 kU/L; p=0.001). Positive TPOAb occurred in 13.9% and positive TGAb in 4% of subjects. Only two children had mild changes in thyroid function. There was no association between HLA risk groups and the prevalence of TPOAb.ConclusionsTPOAb are common in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to T1D, yet are weakly associated with thyroid function, suggesting limited value of thyroid screening in this cohort.

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