scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Risk Alleles Near BCAR1 and in ANK1 Associate With Decreased β-Cell Function Whereas Risk Alleles Near ANKRD55 and GRB14 Associate With Decreased Insulin Sensitivity in the Danish Inter99 Cohort

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. E801-E806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie N. Harder ◽  
Rasmus Ribel-Madsen ◽  
Johanne M. Justesen ◽  
Thomas Sparsø ◽  
Ehm A. Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals Common Risk Factors in Relatives and Spouses of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Prediabetes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Wei-Hao Hsu ◽  
Chin-Wei Tseng ◽  
Yu-Ting Huang ◽  
Ching-Chao Liang ◽  
Mei-Yueh Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Β Cell Function

Prediabetes should be viewed as an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated its prevalence among the relatives and spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes or risk factors for prediabetes, insulin resistance, and β-cell function. A total of 175 individuals were included and stratified into three groups: controls, and relatives and spouses of type 2 diabetic patients. We compared clinical characteristics consisting of a homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-β), a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. After a multivariable linear regression analysis, the relative group was independently correlated with high fasting glucose, a high TyG index, and low β-cell function; the relatives and spouses were independently associated with a low QUICKI. The relatives and spouses equally had a higher prevalence of prediabetes. These study also indicated that the relatives had multiple factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus, and that the spouses may share a number of common environmental factors associated with low insulin sensitivity.

Immediate enhancement of first-phase insulin secretion and unchanged glucose effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. E535-E544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffer Martinussen ◽  
Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Carsten Dirksen ◽  
Siv H. Jacobsen ◽  
Nils B. Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes often leads to early disease remission, and it is unknown to what extent this involves improved pancreatic β-cell function per se and/or enhanced insulin- and non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal (glucose effectiveness). We studied 30 obese patients, including 10 with type 2 diabetes, 8 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 12 with normal glucose tolerance before, 1 wk, and 3 mo after RYGB, using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) to estimate first-phase insulin response, insulin sensitivity (Si), and glucose effectiveness with Bergman's minimal model. In the fasting state, insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-S and β-cell function by HOMA-β. Moreover, mixed-meal tests and oral GTTs were performed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, glucose levels normalized after RYGB, first-phase insulin secretion in response to iv glucose increased twofold, and HOMA-β already improved 1 wk postoperatively, with further enhancements at 3 mo. Insulin sensitivity increased in the liver (HOMA-S) at 1 wk and at 3 mo in peripheral tissues (Si), whereas glucose effectiveness did not improve significantly. During oral testing, GLP-1 responses and insulin secretion increased regardless of glucose tolerance. Therefore, in addition to increased insulin sensitivity and exaggerated postprandial GLP-1 levels, diabetes remission after RYGB involves early improvement of pancreatic β-cell function per se, reflected in enhanced first-phase insulin secretion to iv glucose and increased HOMA-β. A major role for improved glucose effectiveness after RYGB was not supported by this study.

scholarly journals Processes Underlying Glycemic Deterioration in Type 2 Diabetes: An IMI DIRECT Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bizzotto ◽  
Christopher Jennison ◽  
Angus G Jones ◽  
Azra Kurbasic ◽  
Andrea Tura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Direct Study ◽  
Β Cell Function

<i>Objective </i> <p>We investigated the processes underlying glycemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). </p> <p><i>Research Design and Methods </i></p> <p>732 recently diagnosed T2D patients from the IMI-DIRECT study were extensively phenotyped over three years, including measures of insulin sensitivity (OGIS), β-cell glucose sensitivity (GS) and insulin clearance (CLIm) from mixed meal tests, liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and baseline regional fat from MRI. The associations between the longitudinal metabolic patterns and HbA<sub>1c</sub> deterioration, adjusted for changes in BMI and in diabetes medications, were assessed via stepwise multivariable linear and logistic regression. </p> <p><i>Results</i></p> <p>Faster HbA<sub>1c</sub> progression was independently associated with faster deterioration of OGIS and GS, and increasing CLIm; visceral or liver fat, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides had further independent, though weaker, roles (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.38). A subgroup of patients with a markedly higher progression rate (fast progressors) was clearly distinguishable considering these variables only (discrimination capacity from AUROC=0.94). The proportion of fast progressors was reduced from 56% to 8-10% in subgroups in which only one trait among OGIS, GS and CLIm was relatively stable (odds ratios 0.07 to 0.09). T2D polygenic risk score and baseline pancreatic fat, GLP-1, glucagon, diet, and physical activity did not show an independent role. </p> <p><i>Conclusions</i></p> Deteriorating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, increasing insulin clearance, high visceral or liver fat, and worsening of the lipid profile are the crucial factors mediating glycemic deterioration of T2D patients in the initial phase of the disease. Stabilization of a single trait among insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and insulin clearance may be relevant to prevent progression.

scholarly journals Identification of novel biomarkers to monitor β-cell function and enable early detection of type 2 diabetes risk

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0182932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstine J. Belongie ◽  
Ele Ferrannini ◽  
Kjell Johnson ◽  
Patricia Andrade-Gordon ◽  
Michael K. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Novel Biomarkers
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