scholarly journals Common Genetic Variants in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPARG) and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among Women's Health Initiative Postmenopausal Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. E600-E604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hang K. Chan ◽  
Tianhua Niu ◽  
Yunsheng Ma ◽  
Nai-chieh Y. You ◽  
Yiqing Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Common Genetic Variants

scholarly journals Associations of Number of Daily Eating Occasions with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L Neuhouser ◽  
Betsy C Wertheim ◽  
Martine M Perrigue ◽  
Melanie Hingle ◽  
Lesley F Tinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

ABSTRACT Background Over 23 million Americans have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Eating habits such as breakfast consumption, time-restricted eating, and limiting daily eating occasions have been explored as behaviors for reducing T2D risk, but prior evidence is inconclusive. Objectives Our objectives were to examine associations between number of daily eating occasions and T2D risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial (WHI-DM) and whether associations vary by BMI, age, or race/ethnicity. Methods Participants were postmenopausal women in the WHI-DM who comprised a 4.6% subsample completing 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs) at years 3 and 6 as part of trial adherence activities (n = 2159). Numbers of eating occasions per day were obtained from the year 3 24HRs, and participants were grouped into approximate tertiles as 1–3 (n = 795), 4 (n = 713), and ≥5 (n = 651) daily eating occasions as the exposure. Incident diabetes was self-reported on semiannual questionnaires as the outcome. Results Approximately 15% (15.4%, n = 332) of the WHI-DM 24HR cohort reported incident diabetes at follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression tested associations of eating occasions with T2D adjusted for neighborhood socioeconomic status, BMI, waist circumference, race/ethnicity, family history of T2D, recreational physical activity, Healthy Eating Index-2005, 24HR energy intake, and WHI-DM arm. Compared with women reporting 1–3 meals/d, those consuming 4 meals/d had a T2D HR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.84) without further increases in risk for ≥5 meals/d. In stratified analyses, associations for 4 meals/d compared with 1–3 meals/d were stronger in women with BMI <30.0 kg/m2 (HR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.39) and women aged ≥60 (HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.33). Conclusions Four meals per day compared with 1–3 meals/d was associated with increased risk of T2D in postmenopausal women, but no dose–response effect was observed for additional eating occasions. Further studies are needed to understand eating occasions in relation to T2D risk.

scholarly journals Dietary manganese, plasma markers of inflammation, and the development of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women: findings from the Women’s Health Initiative

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Gong ◽  
Kenneth Lo ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Shuiqing Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Control Study

Objective<b>: </b>To examine the association between manganese intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women and determine whether this association is mediated by circulating markers of inflammation. <p>Research Design and Methods: We included 84,285 postmenopausal women without history of diabetes from the national Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). Replication analysis was then conducted among 62,338 women participated in the WHI-Clinical Trial (WHI-CT). Additionally, data from a case-control study of 3,749 women nested in the WHI-OS with information on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were examined using mediation analysis to determine the relative contributions of these known biomarkers by which manganese affect T2D risk.</p> <p>Results: Compared with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary manganese, WHI-OS participants in the highest quintile had a 30% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (hazards ratio [HR] 0.70 [95% CI 0.65, 0.76]). A consistent association was also confirmed in the WHI-CT (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.73, 0.85]). In the nested case-control study, higher energy-adjusted dietary manganese was associated with lower circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers that significantly mediated the association between dietary manganese and type 2 diabetes risk. Specifically, 19% and 12% of type 2 diabetes risk due to manganese were mediated through interleukin 6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions: Higher intake of manganese was directly associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk independent of known risk factors. This association may be partially mediated by inflammatory biomarkers.</p>

scholarly journals Dietary manganese, plasma markers of inflammation, and the development of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women: findings from the Women’s Health Initiative

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Gong ◽  
Kenneth Lo ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Shuiqing Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Control Study

Objective<b>: </b>To examine the association between manganese intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women and determine whether this association is mediated by circulating markers of inflammation. <p>Research Design and Methods: We included 84,285 postmenopausal women without history of diabetes from the national Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). Replication analysis was then conducted among 62,338 women participated in the WHI-Clinical Trial (WHI-CT). Additionally, data from a case-control study of 3,749 women nested in the WHI-OS with information on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were examined using mediation analysis to determine the relative contributions of these known biomarkers by which manganese affect T2D risk.</p> <p>Results: Compared with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary manganese, WHI-OS participants in the highest quintile had a 30% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (hazards ratio [HR] 0.70 [95% CI 0.65, 0.76]). A consistent association was also confirmed in the WHI-CT (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.73, 0.85]). In the nested case-control study, higher energy-adjusted dietary manganese was associated with lower circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers that significantly mediated the association between dietary manganese and type 2 diabetes risk. Specifically, 19% and 12% of type 2 diabetes risk due to manganese were mediated through interleukin 6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions: Higher intake of manganese was directly associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk independent of known risk factors. This association may be partially mediated by inflammatory biomarkers.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing the Combined Impact of 18 Common Genetic Variants of Modest Effect Sizes on Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Diabetes ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 3129-3135 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lango ◽  
C. N.A. Palmer ◽  
A. D. Morris ◽  
E. Zeggini ◽  
A. T. Hattersley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Combined Impact ◽  
Modest Effect

scholarly journals Greater Adherence to the Portfolio Diet Is Associated with Lower Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1034-1034
Author(s):  
Andrea Glenn ◽  
Kenneth Lo ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Beatrice Boucher ◽  
Anthony Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

Abstract Objectives To assess the association of the plant-based cholesterol-lowering diet, the Portfolio Diet, with incident type 2 diabetes in women. Methods We followed 147,732 postmenopausal women initially free of diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials and Observational Study from 1993 through 2017. Adherence to the Portfolio Diet was assessed using an a priori diet index based on six food categories (high in plant protein [soy & pulses], nuts, viscous fiber, plant sterols and monounsaturated fat, and low in saturated fat) that were previously found to lower cardiovascular risk factors in the Portfolio Diet trials. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association of adherence to a Portfolio Diet score with incident type 2 diabetes, adjusting for potential confounders (demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and medical history). The Portfolio Diet score was cumulatively assessed at baseline and year three using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Type 2 diabetes diagnosis was ascertained by self-reported medication use. Results There were 14,096 cases of incident type 2 diabetes over a mean follow-up of 14.3 years. In the fully adjusted models, adherence to the Portfolio Diet score was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR, 0.88, CIs, 0.83, 0.93; P for trend &lt; 0.001), comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of adherence. Results remained similar across subgroup analyses (age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and ethnicity) and several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Among postmenopausal women, higher adherence to the Portfolio Diet was associated with lower incident type 2 diabetes. These findings are the first to show that the Portfolio Diet may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and warrants further investigation. Funding Sources The WHI was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. AJG was supported by the Banting & Best Diabetes Centre Tamarack Graduate Award in Diabetes Research, the Peterborough K.M. Hunter Charitable Foundation Graduate Award, and an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. JLS was funded by a Diabetes Canada Clinician Scientist Award.

Heterogeneous Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ2 Ala12 Variant on Type 2 Diabetes Risk*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella Ludovico ◽  
Fabio Pellegrini ◽  
Rosa Di Paola ◽  
Antonio Minenna ◽  
Sandra Mastroianno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect
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