scholarly journals Reciprocal Relation between Marrow Adiposity and the Amount of Bone in the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton of Young Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2281-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascia Di Iorgi ◽  
Michael Rosol ◽  
Steven D. Mittelman ◽  
Vicente Gilsanz
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Marrow Adiposity

Abstract Background: Studies in the elderly suggest a reciprocal relation between increased marrow adiposity and bone loss, supporting basic research data indicating that osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common progenitor cell. However, whether this relation represents a preferential differentiation of stromal cells from osteoblasts to adipocytes or whether a passive accumulation of fat as bone is lost and marrow space increases with aging is unknown. To address this question and avoid the confounding effect of bone loss, we examined teenagers and young adults. Methods: Using computed tomography, we obtained measurements of bone density and cross-sectional area of the lumbar vertebral bodies and cortical bone area, cross-sectional area, marrow canal area, and fat density in the marrow of the femurs in 255 sexually mature subjects (126 females, 129 males; 15–24.9 yr of age). Additionally, values for total body fat were obtained with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Regardless of gender, reciprocal relations were found between fat density and measures of vertebral bone density and femoral cortical bone area (r = 0.19–0.39; all P values ≤ .03). In contrast, there was no relation between marrow canal area and cortical bone area in the femurs, neither between fat density and the cross-sectional dimensions of the bones. We also found no relation between anthropometric or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry fat values and measures for marrow fat density. Conclusions: Our results indicate an inverse relation between bone marrow adiposity and the amount of bone in the axial and appendicular skeleton and support the notion of a common progenitor cell capable of mutually exclusive differentiation into the cell lineages responsible for bone and fat formation.

scholarly journals Estimation of thigh muscle cross-sectional area by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in frail elderly patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 952-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D Hansen ◽  
Dominique A Williamson ◽  
Terence P Finnegan ◽  
Brad D Lloyd ◽  
Jodie N Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

scholarly journals Associations of Body Mass Index With Incident Fractures and Hip Structural Parameters in a Large Canadian Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shen ◽  
William D. Leslie ◽  
Carrie M. Nielson ◽  
Sumit R. Majumdar ◽  
Suzanne N. Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Context: Fractures in obese individuals are of public health importance, but the relationship between obesity and fracture is complex and remains poorly understood. Objective: The study examined the association of body mass index (BMI) with bone structural and strength parameters and incident fracture. Design and Setting: We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using data from the Manitoba Bone Density Program. Participants: We included 51 313 women and 4689 men aged 50 years or older referred for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. For 41 919 women and 4085 men, we were able to derive hip structural parameters. Main Outcome Measure: Cross-sectional moment of inertia, cross-sectional area, and femoral strength index were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health service records were assessed for incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) (mean follow-up 6.2 y in women and 4.7 y in men). Results: Among individuals with a BMI of less than 30 kg/m2, increasing BMI was associated with progressive increases in bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional moment of inertia, and cross-sectional area. The relationship reached a plateau around a BMI of 30 kg/m2, with little additional increment with further increases in BMI (all P for interaction < .0001, obese vs nonobese). Increasing BMI was linearly associated with decreases in strength index in both women and men. MOFs were ascertained in 3721 women and 276 men (1027 female and 75 male hip fractures). Higher BMI was associated with a lower risk of MOF in women in multivariable models, but this association was largely explained by their higher BMD. Protective association of higher BMI with hip fracture were stronger and only partially explained by BMD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.79 [0.73–0.99] for obese I and 0.67 [0.46–0.98] for obese II). Higher BMI was not significantly associated with a risk of MOF or hip fracture in men. Conclusions: Despite structural and biomechanical disadvantages, obese women were at lower risk of fracture.

scholarly journals Characteristics of CT Hounsfield Unit Values in Lumbar Vertebrae and Lumbar Pedicle – A comparative Study Based on CT Scans and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Anh Nguyen ◽  
Chi Sun ◽  
Haocheng Xu ◽  
Hongli Wang ◽  
Xiaosheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Body Regions

Abstract PurposesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate CT HU value in specific regions of the Lumbar Spine and investigate the correlation between their CT HU values and the corresponding bone quality index provided by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). MethodsA total of 32 Chinese adults with lumbar degenerative disc disease requiring diagnostic lumbar CT and DEXA at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The HU value of medial cortical area (mHU), lateral cortical area (lHU) and trabecular area (tpHU) of the pedicle and superior part, middle part, inferior part of the vertebral body (sHU, mbHU, iHU, respectively) were measured on CT images. T score and BMD score of each vertebra were also measured by DEXA. The HU value was compared between sex groups, vertebra and the correlations of HU value with DEXA T-score, DEXA BMD-score were analyzed. ResultsIn vertebral body, the value of mHU is the lowest (p<0.001) while mbHU and iHU are not significantly different. The tpHU had the lowest HU value compared to mHU and lHu. mHU had significantly higher value than lHU at all levels (p<0.001). The value of mHU and lHU is found correlated with T-scores(p<0.01) at all lumbar levels. The value of tpHU is not correlated with either T-scores or BMD(p>0.05). The HU values of all vertebral body regions at all lumbar levels (sHU,mbHU,iHU) correlate strongly with T-scores and BMD(r>0.6, p<0.01). ConclusionsCT HU value could be a reliable indicator for regional bone quality, especially in people with lumbar degenerative changes. The superior portion of the lumbar vertebra had the lowest bone density in comparison with other regions of the vertebra at L1-L4. In lumbar pedical, the medial lateral cortical bone area had higher bone density than the lateral cortical bone and trabecula bone area.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Longitudinal Assessment of Visceral Adipose Tissue by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Children with Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin A. Dias ◽  
Joyce S. Ramos ◽  
Matthew P. Wallen ◽  
Peter S. W. Davies ◽  
Peter A. Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background. Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Accurate quantification of VAT is available through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which incurs a significant financial and time burden. We aimed to assess the accuracy of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry- (DXA-) derived VAT (DXA-VAT) against a gold standard MRI protocol (MRI-VAT) in children with normal weight and obesity cross-sectionally, and over the course of a lifestyle intervention. Methodology. MRI-VAT and DXA-VAT were quantified in 61 children (30 normal weight and 31 with obesity) at baseline. Children with obesity entered a three-month exercise and/or nutrition intervention after which VAT was reassessed. MRI- and DXA-VAT cross-sectional area, volume, and mass were quantified, and associations were calculated at baseline (n = 61) and pre-post intervention (n = 28, 3 participants dropped out). Method agreement was assessed through Bland–Altman analysis, linear regression, and Passing–Bablok regression. Results. At baseline, all DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes were strongly associated (r = 0.90, P<0.001). However, there were no significant associations between absolute or relative change in DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes (r = 0.25–0.36, P>0.05). DXA significantly overestimated VAT CSA (cross-sectional area), volume, and mass when compared with MRI (P<0.001) at baseline. Significant proportional bias was observed for all DXA-VAT outcomes at baseline and for relative longitudinal changes in DXA-VAT. Conclusions. Although DXA-VAT outcomes were strongly associated with MRI-VAT outcomes at baseline, estimates were subject to proportional bias in children with obesity and normal weight. DXA lacks validity for detecting changes in VAT among children with obesity. This trial is registered with NCT01991106.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry lean soft tissue hydration: independent contributions of intra- and extracellular water

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E842-E847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
ZiMian Wang ◽  
Mary Horlick ◽  
Jack Wang ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Group ◽  
X Ray

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a measure of lean soft tissue (LST). LST hydration, often assumed to be constant, is relevant to several aspects of DEXA body composition estimates. The aims of this study were to develop a theoretical model of LST total body water (TBW) content and to examine hydration effects with empirically derived model coefficients and then to experimentally test the model's prediction that, in healthy adults, LST hydration is not constant but varies as a function of extra- and intracellular water distribution (E/I). The initial phase involved TBW/LST model development and application with empirically derived model coefficients. Model predictions were then tested in a cross-sectional study of 215 healthy adults. LST was measured by DEXA, extracellular water (ECW) by NaBr dilution, intracellular water (ICW) by whole body 40K counting, and TBW by 2H2O dilution. TBW estimates, calculated as ECW + ICW, were highly correlated with ( r = 0.97, SEE = 2.1 kg, P < 0.001) and showed no significant bias compared with TBW measured by 2H2O. Model-predicted TBW/LST was almost identical to experimentally derived values (means ± SD) in the total group (0.767 vs. 0.764 ± 0.028). LST hydration was significantly correlated with E/I (total group, r = 0.30, SEE = 0.027, P < 0.001). Although E/I increased with age (men, r = 0.48; women, r = 0.37; both P < 0.001), the association between TBW/LST and age was nonsignificant. Hydration of the DEXA-derived LST compartment is thus not constant but varies predictably with ECW and ICW distribution. This observation has implications for the accuracy of body fat measurements by DEXA and the use of TBW as a means of checking DEXA system calibration.

Correspondence between theoretical models and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of femoral cross-sectional growth during adolescence

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen ◽  
Robert Marcus ◽  
Laura K. Bachrach ◽  
Dennis R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray
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