scholarly journals Twenty-Four Hour Growth Hormone and Leptin Secretion in Active Postpubertal Adolescent Girls: Impact of Fitness, Fatness, and Age at Menarche

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 3935-3940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Kasa-Vubu ◽  
W. Ye ◽  
K. T. Borer ◽  
A. Rosenthal ◽  
T. Meckmongkol
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Gh Secretion

Abstract Context: GH is strongly related to body composition, physical activity, and pubertal progression. Adolescent girls decrease physical activity during puberty, whereas their weight increases. Because leptin is a good index of energy balance in active young women, we hypothesized that leptin is related to GH secretion in this population while taking into account fitness, fatness, and age at menarche. Methods: We measured body composition and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in 37 postpubertal adolescent girls aged 16–21 yr. GH was sampled every 10 min and leptin hourly for 24 h. We first analyzed 6-h time blocks by repeated measures for GH and leptin, with body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and VO2max as covariates for the entire group and a lean subgroup. The deconvolution method was used to characterize GH pulsatility from individual time points. Results: GH varied through the day (P < 0.0001), with the highest concentrations overnight. BMI, percent body fat, and VO2max were related to GH concentrations in the entire group, whereas leptin predicted GH in the entire group as well as the lean subgroup of girls. Higher leptin was related to lower GH concentrations (P = 0.011), regardless of time. A log leptin level increase by 1 unit decreased GH by 27%. Pulsatility characteristics showed a 1-yr increase of age at menarche increasing total GH input by 20% (P = 0.0035) independently from BMI. Conclusion: In postpubertal adolescent girls, leptin is related to GH concentration across the lean to overweight BMI spectrum. GH pulsatile secretion was greater in girls with later age at menarche.

Effects of Exergaming Based Exercise on Urban Children’s Physical Activity Participation and Body Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Ping Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background:Exergaming has been considered a fun solution to promoting a physically active lifestyle. This study examined the impact of an exergaming-based program on urban children’s physical activity participation, body composition and perceptions of the program.Methods:A sample of 185 children’s physical activity was measured in August 2009 (pretest), and percent body fat was used as index of body composition. Fourth graders were assigned to intervention group engaging in 30 minutes exergaming-based activities 3 times per week, while third and fifth graders were in comparison group. Measurements were repeated 9 months later (posttest). Interviews were conducted among 12 intervention children.Results:ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant main effect for intervention, F(1, 179) = 10.69, P < .01. Specifically, intervention children had significantly greater increased physical activity levels than comparison children. Logistic regression for body composition indicated intervention children did not differ significantly in percent body fat change from comparison children, Chi square = 5.42, P = .14. Children interviewed reported positive attitudes toward the intervention.Conclusions:The implementation of exergaming-based program could have a significantly positive effect on children’s physical activity participation and attitudes. Meanwhile, long-term effect of the program on children’s body composition deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Hormonal and Body Composition Predictors of Soluble Leptin Receptor, Leptin, and Free Leptin Index in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa and Controls and Relation to Insulin Sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 3486-3495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusmita Misra ◽  
Karen K. Miller ◽  
Cecilia Almazan ◽  
Kavitha Ramaswamy ◽  
Avichal Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Soluble Leptin Receptor

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with very low levels of leptin, a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue and known to suppress appetite. Leptin may play a permissive role in onset of puberty and in resumption of gonadal function in conditions of undernutrition. The soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) is the main leptin binding protein, and the ratio of serum leptin to sOB-R provides a measure of the free leptin index (FLI), which may be a more accurate determinant of leptin function. Determinants of sOB-R and FLI have not been examined in an adolescent population. We examined levels of sOB-R, leptin, and FLI, and body composition and hormonal determinants of these variables in 23 adolescent girls with AN and 21 healthy adolescent girls of comparable maturity prospectively over 1 yr. Measures of insulin resistance and adiponectin were also examined. We determined changes in levels of sOB-R, leptin, and FLI with weight recovery (defined as an increase in body mass index of ≥10%, n = 11), and with resumption of menstrual cycles (n = 13). Girls with AN had significantly higher levels of sOB-R (P = 0.0008) and significantly lower levels of leptin and FLI (P &lt; 0.0001 for both) than healthy controls, and levels of FLI were reduced more than levels of leptin in girls with AN compared with controls. An inverse correlation was noted between levels of leptin and sOB-R for the group as a whole (r = −0.64, P &lt; 0.0001) but not in girls with AN considered alone. The most important predictor of levels of sOB-R was cortisol in the group as a whole (r = 0.61, P &lt; 0.0001) and in girls with AN considered alone (r = 0.66, P = 0.0008). Other independent predictors of sOB-R levels for the entire group were percent body fat (r = −0.44, P = 0.003) and levels of IGF-I (r = −0.37, P = 0.01). The most important predictors of leptin and FLI were body mass index and percent body fat. An inverse relationship was noted between measures of insulin resistance and sOB-R levels, whereas a positive association was noted between these measures and leptin and FLI. Adiponectin values did not differ in girls with AN compared with healthy controls and did not correlate with sOB-R, leptin, or FLI. Weight recovery resulted in significant decreases in levels of the sOB-R (24.7 ± 1.7 to 17.6 ± 1.2 U/ml, P = 0.004), and increases in levels of leptin (4.4 ± 1.0 to 13.7 ± 2.9 μg/liter, P = 0.02). Resumption of menstrual function, but not weight recovery alone, was associated with significant increases in FLI (0.19 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.09 μg/U × 10−3, P = 0.02). We demonstrate an increase in levels of sOB-R and a decrease in the FLI in adolescent girls with AN, and also demonstrate that cortisol is the most important predictor of levels of sOB-R in this condition. Levels of leptin and FLI, conversely, are primarily predicted by body composition. Weight recovery is associated with a decrease in sOB-R and an increase in leptin. Resumption of menses is associated with significant increases in the FLI, suggesting that free leptin may be an important determinant of menstrual recovery.

CHD Risk Factors & Lifestyle parameters of Malaysian Adolescents.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Khaled Khalifa Doughman ◽  
Soh Kim Geok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Chd Risk Factors ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

A direct relationship exists between rising living standards and weight-gain/health-related problems. This has become increasingly widespread resulting from increases in socioeconomic development and changes in lifestyle, related to physical, and behavioral health. The purpose of this study is to determine and further evaluate the differences in physical activity level, dietary habits, sleeping duration, body composition, and fitness level between Malaysian adolescents at international and public schools, in relation to gender. Method: Two hundred and ten Malaysian students from international and public schools in Kuala Lumpur, male and female age 14-16 years old, participated in this study. Physical activity questionnaires were used to estimate the daily/weekly physical activities levels. Body composition was determined by percentile/age BMI and measurements to percent body fat. Fitness level was assessed by using the 20m shuttle run test.Results; females had higher percent body fat and BMI than males; females do more low intensity activities than males. There are differences on %fat, low intensity METS, and VO2 max between Malaysian student studying at public and international schools.

Serum sclerostin concentration is associated with specific adipose, muscle and bone tissue markers in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Vita Karvelyte ◽  
Liina Remmel ◽  
Anna-Liisa Tamm ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Type I ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Objectives Sclerostin is an important regulator of bone mass involving the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Relatively few studies have investigated the relationships of circulating sclerostin levels with adiposity-related and muscle-related biochemical factors in individuals with increased energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of circulating sclerostin with adipokines, myokines, osteokines and body composition values in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity. Methods A total of 73 adolescent females who were physically active and aged 14–18 years old participated in the study. Sclerostin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, irisin, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and insulin were obtained from fasting blood samples. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and analyzed for body fat mass, lean body mass, bone mineral content and muscle mass. Results Serum sclerostin (117.9 ± 60.3 pg/mL) was correlated with age, age at menarche, body fat, muscle mass, training activity, leptin, TNF-α, irisin, osteocalcin, CTx and IGF-1. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that fat mass (β = 0.434; p = 0.001), leptin (β = −0.308; p = 0.015), irisin (β = 0.227; p = 0.024) and CTx (β = 0.290; p = 0.031) were the most important predictors of serum sclerostin concentration. Conclusions Bone-derived sclerostin is associated with specific adipokine, myokine and osteokine values in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity. These results suggest that the interactions between bone, adipose and muscle tissues could also be associated with circulating sclerostin concentrations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Tibetan Adolescent girls of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Neelam Singh ◽  
Gautam K. Kshatriya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Composition Characteristics

AbstractMalnutrition among adolescents is an important public health issue in India. The aim of the present study was to assess nutritional status and body composition characteristics of adolescent girls and their interrelationships with physical activity and socioeconomic status (SES). Nutritional status and body composition characteristics were assessed in terms of body mass index (BMI), upper arm muscle area by height (UAMAH) and percent body fat (PBF) among 276 Tibetan adolescent girls from Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. Overall, 12.7% of the girls were in the wasting category (using Z-score based classification for UAMAH) and 9.8% were thin. About 16.3% girls were obese. Significant variabilities of PBF have been observed with respect to age and levels of physical activity and wasting. Adolescent girls were observed to have higher lean body mass than body fat.

scholarly journals Adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep in relation to body composition at age 18 years in urban South Africa, Birth-to-Twenty+ Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Sara K. Hanson ◽  
Felipe Lobelo ◽  
Solveig A. Cunningham ◽  
Terryl J. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Physical Activity ◽  
Urban South

Abstract Background Adolescence is marked by a decline in physical activity, rapid physical growth and changes in body composition, which have been linked to body composition. Prospective data on these associations are rare, particularly in Africa. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the association of longitudinal patterns across adolescent in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep, with anthropometry and body composition at age 18 years in urban South Africa. Methods We analyzed data from the Birth-to-Twenty Plus Cohort (Bt20+), a longitudinal study of children born in 1990 in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa. We used general linear models to investigate the association of adolescent (ages 12 to 18 years) longitudinal trends in physical activity, sedentary behavior and schoolnight sleep and overall physical activity patterns, with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI) and percent body fat at age 18 years. Results The final study sample included 1337 participants with anthropometric measurements (52% female) and 958 participants with body composition measurements (53% female). Males who were consistently more active and consistently walked to school over adolescence had lower waist circumference (B = − 2.0, 95% CI: − 3.9 to − 0.2), FMI (B = − 0.8, 95%: CI: − 1.2 to − 0.1) and percent body fat (B = -2.9, 95% CI: − 4.9 to − 0.9) at age 18 years than those who decreased activity and did not walk to school. Consistently-sedentary females had higher waist circumference than those whose sedentary behavior increased over adolescence (B = 5.4, 95% CI: 0.2 to 10.6). Males who reported sleeping 9 h or more per night on schoolnights had significantly lower BMI (B = -1.0, 95% CI: − 1.4 to- 0.5), and percent body fat (B = -1.5, 95%CI − 2.8 to − 0.1) than those who reported sleeping 8 h or less per night. Conclusion Patterns of adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep are related to young-adult body composition in urban South Africa. These modifiable behaviors may be paths for public health interventions to curb overweight and obesity in many low- or middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Špela Bogataj ◽  
Nebojša Trajković ◽  
Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽  
Vedrana Sember
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Overweight Adolescent ◽  
Overweight Adolescent Girls ◽  
Medicine Ball

Regular exercise during school hours is encouraged since childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Moreover, a great majority of adolescents do not meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The present study aimed to determine the effects of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition intervention on body composition and physical fitness in overweight adolescent girls. Forty-eight girls were included in the study, of whom 24 (age = 15.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomized to a experimental group (EXP) (HIIT and nutrition intervention school-based program) and 24 (age = 15.7 ± 0.6 years) to a control group (CON) that maintained their usual physical education activities. HIIT consisted of 10 stations of own bodyweight exercise and was done three times per week for eight weeks. Moreover, the EXP participated in the nutrition program led by a nutritionist two times a week. Apart from body composition assessment, participants performed countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, hand-grip test, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). A significant effect of group (EXP vs. CON) x time (pre vs. post) interaction was observed for weight [F(1,44) = 7.733; p = 0.008], body mass index [F(1,44) = 5.764; p = 0.020], body fat (in kg) [F(1,44) = 17.850; p < 0.001], and body fat (in %) [F(1,44) = 18.821; p < 0.001]. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed for the medicine ball throw [F(1,44) = 27.016; p < 0.001] and YYIRT1 [F(1,44) = 5.439; p = 0.024]. A significant main effect for time was found for hand grip [F(1,44) = 9.300; p = 0.004] and CMJ [F(1,44) = 12.866; p = 0.001].The present study has demonstrated that just eight weeks school-based HIIT and nutrition intervention, including three sessions a week, can improve body composition and muscular and physical aerobic performance in overweighted adolescent girls.

Examining the Relationship Between Physical Activity Intensity and Adiposity in Young Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
Pamela Borup ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Jacob Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Bod Pod ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
The Relationship

Background:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intensity of physical activity (PA) and body composition in 343 young women.Methods:Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn for 7 days in women 17 to 25 years. Body composition was assessed using the BOD POD.Results:Young women who spent less than 30 minutes a week performing vigorous PA had significantly higher body fat percentages than women who performed more than 30 minutes of vigorous PA per week (F = 4.54, P = .0113). Young women who spent less than 30 minutes per day in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had significantly higher body fat percentages than those who obtained more than 30 minutes per day of MVPA (F = 7.47, P = .0066). Accumulating more than 90 minutes of MVPA per day was associated with the lowest percent body fat. For every 10 minutes spent in MVPA per day, the odds of having a body fat percentage above 32% decreased by 29% (P = .0002).Conclusion:Vigorous PA and MVPA are associated with lower adiposity. Young women should be encouraged to accumulate at least 30 minutes of MVPA per day, however getting more than 90 minutes a day is predictive of even lower levels of adiposity.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Composition, Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Pulmonary Status in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Scully ◽  
Laura T. Jay ◽  
Steven Freedman ◽  
Gregory S. Sawicki ◽  
Ahmet Uluer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than body mass index (BMI). Little is known about how diet quality and exercise may impact body composition in these patients. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, 24-h dietary recall, and physical activity were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 38 adolescents and adults with CF and 19 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy volunteers, participants with CF had a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), despite no observed difference in BMI, and their diets consisted of higher glycemic index foods with a greater proportion of calories from fat and a lower proportion of calories from protein. In participants with CF, pulmonary function positively correlated with measures of lean mass, particularly ALMI, and negatively correlated with multiple measures of body fat after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Higher physical activity levels were associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. In conclusion, body composition measures, particularly ALMI, may better predict key clinical outcomes in individuals with CF than BMI. Future longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and CF-specific clinical outcomes are needed.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT DISMENORE PADA REMAJA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Famimah Famimah ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Deny Yudi Fitranti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain was a gynecological complaint due to an imbalance of progesterone in the blood resulting in pain. A woman with dysmenorrhea should consume food rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as fish oil, fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring), soybeans and fruits. Low fish consumption was related with severity of dysmenorrhea. In addition, physical activity and percent body fat were also associated with severity of dysmenorrhea.Objective : To determine the correlation between consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, physical activity and percent body fat to the classification of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.Methods : Cross sectional study of 90 adolescentsselected by purposive sampling. This research was conducted in SMA N 15 and SMA N 9 Semarang. Menstrual history was measured by direct interviews and level of dysmenorrhea was measured using Numerical Rating Scale Questionnaire. Omega-3 fatty acids were measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and analyzed using a nutritional software program. Physical activity was measured using A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Percent body fat was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed by Independent T test/Mann Whitney. Result : There were significant correlation in omega-3 fatty acid (p= 0,015), and percent body fat (p= 0,026). While in physical activity there was no significant correlation (p= 0,394).Conclusion : Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and percent body fat were associated with the classification of dysmenorrhea.

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