scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Hyperandrogenemia during the Pubertal Transition in Girls: Obesity as a Potential Factor in the Genesis of Postpubertal Hyperandrogenism

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. McCartney ◽  
Kathleen A. Prendergast ◽  
Sandhya Chhabra ◽  
Christine A. Eagleson ◽  
Richard Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Context: Adolescent hyperandrogenemia is considered a forerunner of adult polycystic ovary syndrome, but its etiology remains uncertain. Objective: Our objective was to explore the hypothesis that peripubertal obesity is associated with hyperandrogenemia. Design and Setting: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained at General Clinical Research Centers. Subjects: Subjects were 41 obese [body mass index (BMI) for age, ≥95%] and 35 normal-weight (BMI for age, <95%) peripubertal girls. Intervention: We used pooled blood samples (∼0500–0700 h; n = 64) while fasting or single morning (fasting) samples (n = 12). Main Outcome Measures: We assessed adiposity and androgen concentrations. Results: BMI correlated with total testosterone (T) (rs = 0.59), SHBG (rs = −0.69), and free T (rs = 0.69); free T was three times as great in obese girls compared with normal-weight girls (P < 0.0001 for all). BMI correlated with insulin (rs = 0.52); both insulin and LH correlated with free T (rs = 0.45 and 0.44, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). When analyzing early pubertal girls (pubertal stages 1–3; n = 36) alone, BMI correlated with total T (rs = 0.65), SHBG (rs = −0.74), and free T (rs = 0.75); free T was five times as great in obese early-pubertal girls (P < 0.001 for all). BMI correlated with insulin (rs = 0.65), and insulin correlated with free T (rs = 0.63, P < 0.01 for both). BMI correlated with free T while simultaneously adjusting for age, pubertal stage, insulin, LH, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Conclusion: Peripubertal obesity is associated with marked hyperandrogenemia, which is especially pronounced in early puberty.

scholarly journals Alarin/FSH Ratio Might Be A New Biological Marker in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Normal and Women with Obese

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Neuropeptides coordinate and regulate physiological processes in all animals. Alarin is a 25 amino acid neuropeptide which promotes the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). It has been known that serum luteinizing hormone levels are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, purpose of this was to examine the association of circulating gonadotropin secretions, and alarin with women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and to compare these findings with those of control subjects in an effort to better understand the pathophysiology of PCOS. 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with normal weight and 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with obese and 28 control group participants were included in this case-control study. Hormone profiles of the participants (alarin, insulin, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4 ), lipid profiles total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) values were measured. Results: Serum androgens were elevated in the PCOS. Blood LH was also elevated (P < 0.05) but was higher in PCOS than Control. Patients with PCOS had an increased alarin compared with controls. LH/FSH ratio and Alarin /FSH ratio were greater than 2.1, 2.4, respectively. The blood alarin levels were significantly correlated with the serum LH levels (r=0.492, p=0.002) and the LH/FSH ratios (r=0.450, p<0.001) and Alarin/ FSH ratios. The FSH/LH and alarin /FSH ratio were elevated in the PCOS. Based on these results, the FSH/LH and Alarin /FSH ratio appears to be a useful marker of PCOS.

Reproductive health in first-degree relatives of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Shan ◽  
Jinbiao Han ◽  
Yitong Cai ◽  
Li Zou ◽  
Liangzhi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Degree Relatives

Abstract Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heritable disease. Emerging evidence elucidated the elevated prevalence of reproductive abnormalities in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with PCOS. Methods Ten databases were searched in December 2020 (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang and WHO international clinical trials registry platform). This study included cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement was followed. Dichotomous data from each of the eligible studies were combined by Mantel-Haenszel model. Standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were assessed. Heterogeneities were assessed using I  2 statistics, and the quality of evidence was evaluated by AHRQ EPC program and GRADE approach. Results Thirty-eight studies were included. The prevalence of PCOS (0.22; 95%CI 0.16 to 0.29), menstrual irregularities (0.28; 95%CI 0.22 to 0.34, P&lt;0.01) and ovary morphological changes were elevated in female PCOS FDRs. Female FDRs also presented with increased levels of luteinizing hormone, total testosterone (SMD, 0.53; 95%CI 0.28 to 0.78, P&lt;0.01), unconjugated testosterone, free androgen index, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and anti-Mullerian hormone levels. Subgroup analyses indicated that some of these changes begun in pubertal girls. Furthermore, fathers of PCOS had higher risk of premature baldness. The DHEAS level was elevated in male FDRs. Conclusions The findings of this analysis suggested that FDRs of patients with PCOS suffered from reproductive endocrinological dysregulations. Thus, more attention should be focused on this population. (PROSPERO–CRD42020183243)

scholarly journals A cross-sectional survey of adrenal steroid hormones among overweight/obese boys according to puberty stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyan Cao ◽  
Chunxiu Gong ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Xuejun Liang ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Pubertal Stages

Abstract Background Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases including cortisol rhythm disorder and low testosterone. Furthermore, studies on obese children are quite limited and no concordance results have been obtained, especially for boys in puberty. Moreover, the sample sizes of previous studies were small, and were not representative. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey including 1148 boys aged 6–14 years, they were divided into overweight/obesity (OW/OB) group and normal weight (NW) group. Puberty status was assessed according to Tanner scale and testicular volume. Serum levels of pregnenolone, 17-OH progesterone, corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione were detected by LC-MS. Serum free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The 17-OH progesterone, DHEA, androstenedione and free testosterone levels of OW/OB boys at prepubertal stage or at the age 6 = < 10 years group were higher than those of the NW boys (all the P values were < 0.01). Furthermore, androstenedione and free testosterone levels were lower in OW/OB boys at late puberty, and the trend continued at the post pubertal stage for FT (P < 0.01–0.05). DHEA, androstenedione, and FT levels persisted to be higher at the 10~ < 12 years in OW/OB boys but not for 17-OH progesterone. FT level was lower in the OW/OB group at the 12~ < 15 years group. The SHBG levels in the OW/OB boys were lower than those in the NW ones at the 6~12 years group, and prepubertal to early pubertal stage. Conclusions Premature adrenarche is more likely in OW/OB boys. More attention should be given to the lower androgen levels of OW/OB boys at late pubertal and post pubertal stages.

scholarly journals Dosages of androgenic hormones in adolescent patients with severe acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Marisa Gonzaga da Cunha ◽  
Caio Moraes ◽  
Giovana Cebrian ◽  
Rafaela Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Sônia Isabel Friedlaender Reple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Antiandrogen Therapy

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Acne vulgaris in female adolescents, when severe or accompanied by other signs of androgenization, may represent a sign of hyperandrogenemia often underdiagnosed, which will have harmful consequences for adult life. The objective of this cross-sectional and retrospective study was to demonstrate the incidence of hormonal changes in the cases of female adolescents with severe or extensive acne, with or without other signs of hyperandrogenism, and propose a hormonal research pattern which should be indicated in order to detect early hyperandrogenemia. METHODS The medical records of 38 female patients aged between 9 and 15 years old with grade II and/or III acne were analyzed. The dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrostenedione, and androstenedione, total testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone sulfate hormones were required prior to initiation of treatment. The hormonal dosages were performed in the serum after at least 3 hours of fasting by means of radioimmunoassay tests. RESULTS Of the 38 patients included, 44.7% presented changes in androgen levels (hyperandrogenemia), and the two most frequently altered hormones were DHEA and androstenedione, with the same incidence (23.6%). CONCLUSIONS The correct and early diagnosis provides an effective and agile approach, including antiandrogen therapy, with the purpose of avoiding the reproductive and metabolic repercussions, besides controlling the inflammatory picture and avoid aesthetic complications.

scholarly journals Serum Melatonin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Folia Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora D. Terzieva ◽  
Maria M. Orbetzova ◽  
Mitko D. Mitkov ◽  
Nonka G. Mateva
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Women

ABSTRACT There has been a surge of interest in recent years in studying the changes of serum melatonin concentrations in disorders that are associated with insulin resistance such as diabetes mellitus type 2 and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AIM: The present study was designed to investigate the day-time and night-time levels of serum melatonin and the cortisol rhythm in women with PCOS and compare them with those of healthy women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a case-control study which included 30 women with PCOS and 25 healthy women. All hormonal measurements in both the study group and controls were carried out between days 3 and 5 counted from the beginning of the last regular menstrual cycle; they included serum levels of melatonin and cortisol at 03:00 a.m and 08:00 a.m, total testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and immunoreactive insulin at 08:00 a.m. RESULTS: Women with PCOS were found to have a significantly higher melatonin level at 08:00 a.m. and smaller mean night-day difference in the concentrations of melatonin in comparison with those of healthy women (natural log (Ln) night-day difference 0.60 ± 0.10 pg/ml versus 1.15 ± 0.14, p < 0.002). Melatonin to cortisol ratios at 03:00 a.m. and 08:00 a.m. showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (Ln melatonin/ cortisol 03:00 a.m., 1.01 ± 0.06 versus 1.05 ± 0.05; Ln melatonin/cortisol at 08:00 a.m., 0.62 ± 0.01 versus 0.56 ± 0.03, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results we obtained about the changes of melatonin in women with PCOS could help in elucidating the complex pathophysiological pattern of this disease.

scholarly journals Age, maturation and serum lipid parameters: findings from the German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schienkiewitz ◽  
Julia Truthmann ◽  
Andrea Ernert ◽  
Susanna Wiegand ◽  
Karl Otfried Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Abstract Background Recommendations on preventive lipid screening among children and adolescents remain controversial. The aim of the study was to assess age and puberty-related changes in serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), and high-density (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C). Methods Using cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in Germany (KiGGS 2003–2006; N = 13,676; 1–17 years), changes in distributions of serum lipids were visualized according to sex, age and maturation. Youth aged 10–17 years were classified as prepubescent, early/mid-puberty, and mature/advanced puberty. Multiple linear regressions were used to quantify the impact of pubertal stage on serum lipid levels, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results Among children 1–9 years mean serum lipid measures increased with age, with higher mean TC and Non-HDL-C among girls than boys. Among children 10–17 years, advanced pubertal stage was independently related to lower lipid measures. Adjusted mean TC, HDL-C and Non-HDL-C was 19.4, 5.9 and 13.6 mg/dL lower among mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent boys and 11.0, 4.0 and 7.0 mg/dL lower in mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent girls. Conclusions Lipid concentrations undergo considerable and sex-specific changes during physical growth and sexual maturation and significantly differ between pubertal stages. Screening recommendations need to consider the fluctuations of serum lipids during growth and sexual maturation.

scholarly journals Financial implications and maternal impact of national recommendations for thromboprophylaxis: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cressida Bond ◽  
Kate O'Brien ◽  
Tim Draycott ◽  
Robert Fox
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Individual Scores ◽  
Financial Implication

Background Thromboembolism was a leading direct cause of maternal death in the UK in the last Saving Mothers’ Lives report. National guidance proposes that all women should be risk assessed in pregnancy and after delivery. Methods An audit was designed to assess the financial implication for our service. One hundred consecutive live and stillbirths were identified using the maternity database; 97 case records were obtained. Risk factors were identified and individual scores were calculated, together with the proportion that would have extended measures (low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH], antiembolic stockings). Results The series appeared to be representative of the UK pregnant population in terms of age, parity, body mass index, smoking and caesarean rate. Antenatally, 2.1% had a Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) risk score of three or more and would have been advised to have LMWH throughout pregnancy and the puerperium. Postnatally, 40.1% had an RCOG score of two or more and would have required enoxaparin for one to six weeks. The annual cost of stockings, LMWH and sharps bins approximate to GB£44,847 for every one thousand deliveries, GB£2.6 million for each life saved. About 10% of normal-weight postnatal women who achieved a vaginal birth had a risk score prompting thromboprophylaxis for at least seven days. Conclusions These data suggest that the current guidance might represent overmedicalization of pregnancy and that the criteria for thromboprophylaxis should be refined further.

scholarly journals Changes in Serum Insulin-Like Factor 3 during Normal Male Puberty

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3426-3431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferlin ◽  
Andrea Garolla ◽  
Franco Rigon ◽  
Lucia Rasi Caldogno ◽  
Andrea Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Stages

Abstract Context: Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is produced by the Leydig cells, and in adults, its secretion is dependent on the state of differentiation of these cells, which, in turn, is dependent on LH. However, the secretion and regulation of INSL3 during puberty is unknown. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate INSL3 concentrations during normal male puberty and the relation of INSL3 to LH, FSH, and testosterone. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to December 2005 at academic clinics. Patients: Participating in the study were 75 healthy male subjects aged 9.5–17.5 yr, homogeneously distributed into five pubertal groups of 15 according to Tanner stages. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed mean testicular volume and LH, FSH, testosterone, and INSL3 concentrations in relation to age and pubertal stage. Results: We observed an increase of INSL3 and LH levels from Tanner stage 2 to 4, and an increase of FSH from stage 2 to 3. Testosterone levels increased from stage 3 to 4. No differences were seen for all measured hormones between stages 4 and 5. The increase in INSL3 seemed therefore to anticipate the increase in testosterone. However, INSL3 plasma concentrations at pubertal stages 4 and 5 are about one fourth of adult levels, whereas FSH, LH, and testosterone reached adult levels by stage 4. Positive significant correlations were found between INSL3 and LH for all pubertal stages. Conclusions: This study provides information on the physiological dynamics of INSL3, showing that the serum concentrations of this hormone increased progressively throughout puberty under the differentiating action of LH on Leydig cells. INSL3 is therefore confirmed to represent a marker of Leydig cell differentiation and function. However, a prolonged exposure to LH seems to be necessary to reach INSL3 concentrations of adults. A possible use of INSL3 in puberty disorders is promising.

scholarly journals Alarin: A Novel Circulating Peptide Hormone Linked to Luteinizing Hormone and Hiperandrogenismin Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Mehmet CALAN ◽  
Merve Bicer ◽  
Murat Alan ◽  
Pinar Alarslan ◽  
Asli Guler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Circulating Levels

Alarin is a newly identified peptide hormone. It is implicated that alarinplays roles in regulation of energy metabolism and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disease in women during reproductive ages. Over-secretion of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) causes hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of alarin levels in women with or without PCOS as well as to investigate the relationship between alarin and LH. Eighty-four women with PCOS and 84 age- and BMI- matched controls were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Circulating alarin levels were assessed via ELISA method. The hormonal and metabolic parameters of the recruited subjects were also determined. The circulating levels of alarin in PCOS subjects were higher than controls (6.11 ± 1.91 vs. 3.93 ± 1.60 ng/ml, P <0.001). Alarin showed a positive correlation with insulin resistance marker, BMI, LH and androgens. Moreover, alarin levels were elevated in women with PCOS having insulin resistance compared to those PCOS women without insulin resistance. In both control and PCOS groups, overweight subjects showed an elevation in circulating levels of alarin with respect to normal weight subjects. In the present study, Alarin level with the highest tertile dosage comparing to alarin level with the lowest tertile dosage could highly increase the probability of PCOS risk prevalence in women. Elevated alarin levels in women with PCOS were associated with not only LH and metabolic parameters but also high probability of having PCOS risk independently.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1746-50
Author(s):  
Amena Arif ◽  
Palvasha Waheed ◽  
Robina Anees ◽  
Amir Rashid ◽  
Saleem Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects

Objective: To assess the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome affected women. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Multidisciplinary Lab-I of Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with Pakistan Naval Ship Hafeez Hospital, Islamabad from Feb 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: One hundred and five selected females (puberty till 25 years of age) were divided into three groups of 35 each. Blood samples were collected an overnight fast (from 8-11 AM). Serum level of insulin was measured and insulin resistance was calculated based on HOMA-IR. Results: HOMA-IR concentrations correlated directly with Basal Metabolic Index, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Mean serum insulin level was also elevated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (normal weight & overweight) as compared to control subjects (7.4 ± 1.2 mIU/L & 9.1 ± 0.8 mIU/L vs 6.3 ± 1.1 mIU/L; p as 0.003). The insulin resistance was slightly higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome as compared to the control subjects (1.4 ± 0.3 & 1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3; p<0.001). Conclusion: HOMA-IR levels are positively associated with BMI, the intensity of peripheral insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome-affected females, indicating that normal weight, and overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome have tendency towards insulin resistance.

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