scholarly journals Insights into Material and Structural Basis of Bone Fragility from Diseases Associated with Fractures: How Determinants of the Biomechanical Properties of Bone Are Compromised by Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chavassieux ◽  
E. Seeman ◽  
P. D. Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Minimal Trauma

Minimal trauma fractures in bone diseases are the result of bone fragility. Rather than considering bone fragility as being the result of a reduced amount of bone, we recognize that bone fragility is the result of changes in the material and structural properties of bone. A better understanding of the contribution of each component of the material composition and structure and how these interact to maintain whole bone strength is obtained by the study of metabolic bone diseases. Disorders of collagen (osteogenesis imperfecta and Paget’s disease of bone), mineral content, composition and distribution (fluorosis and osteomalacia); diseases of high remodeling (postmenopausal osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperthyroidism) and low remodeling (osteopetrosis, pycnodysostosis); and other diseases (idiopathic male osteoporosis, corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis) produce abnormalities in the material composition and structure that lead to bone fragility. Observations in patients and in animal models provide insights on the biomechanical consequences of these illnesses and the nature of the qualities of bone that determine its strength.

Triple-Photon Energy Absorptiometry in the Measurement of Bone Mineral

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jonson ◽  
B. Roos ◽  
T. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficients

The feasibility of determination of bone mineral content using a triple-photon absorptiometric technique is presented. Using three different photon energies it is possible to correct the measured ‘bone mineral’ value for fat and lean soft tissue. The theoretical basis of the method, as well as the experimental determination of mass attenuation coefficients, is described. It is shown that the results are reproducible within 5 per cent, which means that the method could be of value in the management of metabolic bone diseases.

Bone diseases, skeletal dysplasias, disorders of collagen

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Deformity ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasias ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Collagen Genes

Metabolic bone diseases 330Skeletal dysplasias 333The osteochondroses 343Heritable disorders of connective tissue 346• Principal features are bone fragility and low bone mass leading to fractures and bone deformity with growth retardation.• Ligamentous laxity, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and blue scleral hue are variable features. 90% of OI dominantly inherited due to defects in the type ↑ collagen genes ...

Assessment of Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mass by Non-Invasive Radiologic Methods

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andresen ◽  
H. E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dual Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Metabolic Bone

Methods for quantitative determination of bone mineral and bone mass in normal subjects and in patients with metabolic bone disorders can be measured by the Compton scattering technique, the neutron activation analysis, by measurement of metacarpal bone mass, by single and dual photon absorptiometry, and by quantitative computed tomography. Measurement on metacarpal bone (radiogrammetry) seems to be able to distinguish between resorption and/or new bone formation at the periosteal and/or endosteal surface. The intraindividual observer variation on combined cortical thickness (D—d), cortical area (D2–d2), metacarpal bone mass (D2–d2)/D2 varies from 0.7 to 2.5 per cent and the interindividual observer variation from 1.0 to 5.8 per cent. Single photon absorptiometry measures bone mineral content in the forearm with great precision. The reproducibility using repeated measurements and automatic selection of the measuring area is about one per cent and can be used to follow changes in mineral content with time in patients with metabolic bone diseases. The dual photon absorptiometry may be used for measurements of bone mineral content in lumbar spine, in the femoral neck and measurement of total body calcium with an accuracy of less than 6 per cent and a precision below 3 per cent. Quantitative computed tomography has the ability to measure trabecular and cortical bone both centrally and peripherally. Using CT scanning, scanner related changes with time (day-to-day variation ± 4%), patient repositioning (less than 1.5%), and fat concentration (residual uncertainty of approximately 1/6 of the biologic variation) are important factors influencing the accuracy and reproducibility of the values of the measured bone mineral content. The method is very useful in studies of skeleton changes in metabolic bone diseases.

Is oral health correlated with skeletal phenotype in primary metabolic bone diseases? A preliminary report of the Greek experience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemis Doulgeraki ◽  
Margarita Gatzogianni ◽  
Andreas Agouropoulos ◽  
Helen Athanasopoulou ◽  
Georgios Polyzois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Skeletal Phenotype

scholarly journals Genetic approaches to metabolic bone diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadil M. Hannan ◽  
Paul J. Newey ◽  
Michael P. Whyte ◽  
Rajesh V. Thakker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone
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