Estrogen receptors, estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol in early development: the mouse as a model for the study of estrogen receptors and estrogen sensitivity in embryonic development of male and female reproductive tracts

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Greco
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Estrogen Sensitivity

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

scholarly journals CTCF looping is established during gastrulation in medaka embryos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Nakamura ◽  
Yuichi Motai ◽  
Masahiko Kumagai ◽  
Haruyo Nishiyama ◽  
Neva C. Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Genome Architecture ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract:Genome architecture plays a critical role in gene regulation, but how the structures seen in mature cells emerge during embryonic development remains poorly understood. Here, we study early development in medaka (the Japanese killifish, Oryzias latipes) at 12 time points before, during, and after gastrulation which is the most dramatic event in early embryogenesis, and characterize transcription, protein binding, and genome architecture. We find that gastrulation is most associated with drastic changes in genome architecture, including the formation of the first loops between sites bound by the insulator protein CTCF and great increase in the size of contact domains. However, the position of CTCF is fixed throughout medaka embryogenesis. Interestingly, genome-wide transcription precedes the emergence of mature domains and CTCF-CTCF loops.

Memoirs: The Early Embryonic Development of Rhodnius Prolixus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)

1935 ◽  
Vol s2-78 (309) ◽  
pp. 71-90
Author(s):  
HELEN MELLANBY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity

1. Eggs of Rhodnius prolixus were incubated at constant temperature and humidity (21° C. and 90 per cent, relative humidity). Eighty-five per cent, was the lowest record of the controls hatched successfully under these conditions. 2. The processes of maturation and fertilization were not studied. 3. Cleavage begins 12-13 hours after incubation. At 25 hours there are 32 nuclei. Yolk-cells are derived from cleavage nuclei, and they multiply by mitosis up to 50 hours. Blastoderm formation is complete after 55-60 hours of incubation. 4. The ventral embryonic rudiment is similar to that of many other insects. As soon as it is formed, germ-cells are budded off at the posterior pole of the egg. 5. The first stage in blastokinesis is fully described. 6. The formation of the mesoderm is by invagination and overgrowth. 7. The endoderm arises from two proliferating areas situated anteriorly and posteriorly. 8. Numerous cells are given off into the yolk during the early development of the embryo. There they disintegrate.

Attractivity of male and female rats which are hormonally manipulated during early development and in adulthood

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francien H. de Jonge ◽  
Bengt J. Meyerson ◽  
Nanne E. van de Poll
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Effects of Incubation Conditions and Offspring Sex on Embryonic Development and Survival in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata)

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Gorman ◽  
Kate J. Orr ◽  
Aileen Adam ◽  
Ruedi G. Nager
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
Offspring Sex

AbstractSuboptimal conditions during embryonic development can affect offspring fitness. Both egg quality and incubation behavior can affect hatching success, hatching mass, and subsequent offspring performance. These effects may differ between male and female offspring. We manipulated the prebreeding body condition of Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata), using diets of different protein content. To separate possible effects on egg quality of parental body condition and incubation conditions, we did a cross-fostering experiment. We analyzed embryo survival and hatching mass with respect to body condition of the egg-laying parent, body condition of the incubating foster parent, and offspring sex. Embryos were not affected by the condition of the egg-laying parent. Eggs incubated by parents in better condition suffered less embryo mortality than those incubated by parents in poorer condition, but only when overall embryo mortality was low. Hatching mass was also affected by the incubating foster parent’s body condition. And hatchlings incubated by parents in good condition were heavier than those incubated by parents in poor condition. Female hatchlings from late-laid eggs were heavier, in comparison with the size of the egg from which they hatched, than female hatchlings from earlier-laid eggs. No such effect was found for males. Therefore, male and female embryos may differ in their sensitivity to suboptimal conditions during embryonic development. These results suggest that parental body condition during incubation can affect offspring fitness.Efectos de las Condiciones de Incubación y el Sexo de las Crías sobre el Desarrollo Embrional y la Supervivencia en Taeniopygia guttata

scholarly journals Effects of perinatal bisphenol A exposure during early development on radial arm maze behavior in adult male and female rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee N. Sadowski ◽  
Pul Park ◽  
Steven L. Neese ◽  
Duncan C. Ferguson ◽  
Susan L. Schantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Radial Arm Maze ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Hormone-Activated Estrogen Receptors in Annelid Invertebrates: Implications for Evolution and Endocrine Disruption

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Keay ◽  
Joseph W. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Estrogen Sensitivity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Platynereis Dumerilii ◽  
Bilaterian Animal ◽  
Capitella Capitata ◽  
And Behavior

As the primary mediators of estrogen signaling in vertebrates, estrogen receptors (ERs) play crucial roles in reproduction, development, and behavior. They are also the major mediators of endocrine disruption by xenobiotic pollutants that mimic or block estrogen action. ERs that are sensitive to estrogen and endocrine disrupters have long been thought to be restricted to vertebrates: although there is evidence for estrogen signaling in invertebrates, the only ERs studied to date, from mollusks and cephalochordates, have been insensitive to estrogen and therefore incapable of mediating estrogen signaling or disruption. To determine whether estrogen sensitivity is ancestral or a unique characteristic of vertebrate ERs, we isolated and characterized ERs from two annelids, Platynereis dumerilii and Capitella capitata, because annelids are the sister phylum to mollusks and have been shown to produce and respond to estrogens. Functional assays show that annelid ERs specifically activate transcription in response to low estrogen concentrations and bind estrogen with high affinity. Furthermore, numerous known endocrine-disrupting chemicals activate or antagonize the annelid ER. This is the first report of a hormone-activated invertebrate ER. Our results indicate that estrogen signaling via the ER is as ancient as the ancestral bilaterian animal and corroborate the estrogen sensitivity of the ancestral steroid receptor. They suggest that the taxonomic scope of endocrine disruption by xenoestrogens may be very broad and reveal how functional diversity evolved in a gene family central to animal endocrinology.

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