scholarly journals Minireview: Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging—An Overview

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney F. Minchin ◽  
Darren J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Experimental Stage

Molecular imaging is a technique for quantifying physiological changes in vivo using imaging probes, or beacons, which can be detected noninvasively. This field of study has advanced rapidly in recent years, in part due to the application of nanotechnology. The versatility of different imaging modalities has been significantly enhanced by innovative nanoparticle development. These nanoprobes can be used to image specific cells and tissues within a whole organism. Some of the nanoparticles under development may be useful to measure biological processes associated with human disease and help monitor how these change with treatment. This review highlights some of the recent advances in nanoparticles for molecular imaging. It also addresses issues that arise with the use of nanoparticles. Whereas much of the technology remains at an experimental stage, the potential for enhancing disease diagnosis and treatment is considerable.

scholarly journals Advances in molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: shedding new light on in vivo cardiovascular biology

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (12) ◽  
pp. H1397-H1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alkystis Phinikaridou ◽  
Marcelo E. Andia ◽  
Ajay M. Shah ◽  
René M. Botnar
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Cardiovascular Biology ◽  
Active Research

Molecular imaging of the cardiovascular system heavily relies on the development of new imaging probes and technologies to facilitate visualization of biological processes underlying or preceding disease. Molecular imaging is a highly active research discipline that has seen tremendous growth over the past decade. It has broadened our understanding of oncologic, neurologic, and cardiovascular diseases by providing new insights into the in vivo biology of disease progression and therapeutic interventions. As it allows for the longitudinal evaluation of biological processes, it is ideally suited for monitoring treatment response. In this review, we will concentrate on the major accomplishments and advances in the field of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction with a special focus on magnetic resonance imaging.

scholarly journals Nanobodies as Versatile Tool for Multiscale Imaging Modalities

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Marco Erreni ◽  
Tilo Schorn ◽  
Francesca D’Autilia ◽  
Andrea Doni
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Molecular Imaging Probes ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
And Function ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Molecular imaging is constantly growing in different areas of preclinical biomedical research. Several imaging methods have been developed and are continuously updated for both in vivo and in vitro applications, in order to increase the information about the structure, localization and function of molecules involved in physiology and disease. Along with these progresses, there is a continuous need for improving labeling strategies. In the last decades, the single domain antigen-binding fragments nanobodies (Nbs) emerged as important molecular imaging probes. Indeed, their small size (~15 kDa), high stability, affinity and modularity represent desirable features for imaging applications, providing higher tissue penetration, rapid targeting, increased spatial resolution and fast clearance. Accordingly, several Nb-based probes have been generated and applied to a variety of imaging modalities, ranging from in vivo and in vitro preclinical imaging to super-resolution microscopy. In this review, we will provide an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding the use of Nbs in several imaging modalities, underlining their extreme versatility and their enormous potential in targeting molecules and cells of interest in both preclinical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease Based on Nanoprobes

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1401-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfeng Tu ◽  
Yao Sun ◽  
Yuhua Fan ◽  
Zhen Cheng ◽  
Bo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Single Modality

Recently, multimodality molecular imaging has evolved into a fast-growing research field with goals of detecting and measuring biological processes in vivo non-invasively. Researchers have come to realize that the complementary abilities of different imaging modalities over single modality could provide more precisely information for the diagnosis of diseases. At present, nanoparticles-based multimodal imaging probes have received significant attention because of their ease of preparation and straightforward integration of each modality into one entity. More importantly, nanotechnology has an increasing impact on multimodality molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque, myocardial infarction, angiogenesis, apoptosis and so on. In this review, we briefly summarize that various nanoprobes are exploited for targeted molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases, as well as associated multimodality imaging approaches and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Photoacoustic reporter genes for noninvasive molecular imaging and theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 2030005
Author(s):  
Zhao Lei ◽  
Yun Zeng ◽  
Xiaofen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyong Wang ◽  
Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Improved Performance

Noninvasive molecular imaging makes the observation and comprehensive understanding of complex biological processes possible. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a fast evolving hybrid imaging technology enabling in vivo imaging with high sensitivity and spatial resolution in deep tissue. Among the various probes developed for PAI, genetically encoded reporters attracted increasing attention of researchers, which provide improved performance by acquiring images of a PAI reporter gene’s expression driven by disease-specific enhancers/promoters. Here, we present a brief overview of recent studies about the existing photoacoustic reporter genes (RGs) for noninvasive molecular imaging, such as the pigment enzyme reporters, fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins, photoswitchable proteins, including their properties and potential applications in theranostics. Furthermore, the challenges that PAI RGs face when applied to the clinical studies are also examined.

Recent advances in molecular imaging probes for β-amyloid plaques

MedChemComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ono ◽  
Hideo Saji
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Molecular Imaging Probes ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Brain

We review recent advances in our development of molecular imaging probes for PET, SPECT, and optical imaging for in vivo detection of β-amyloid plaques in the brain.

scholarly journals Molecular imaging perspectives

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Cassidy ◽  
George K Radda
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Biological Target

Molecular imaging is an emerging technology at the life science/physical science interface which is set to revolutionize our understanding and treatment of disease. The tools of molecular imaging are the imaging modalities and their corresponding contrast agents. These facilitate interaction with a biological target at a molecular level in a number of ways. The diverse nature of molecular imaging requires knowledge from both the life and physical sciences for its successful development and implementation. The aim of this review is to introduce the subject of molecular imaging from both life science and physical science perspectives. However, we will restrict our coverage to the prominent in vivo molecular imaging modalities of magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging and nuclear imaging. The physical basis of these imaging modalities, the use of contrast agents and the imaging parameters of sensitivity, temporal resolution and spatial resolution are described. Then, the specificity of contrast agents for targeting and sensing molecular events, and some applications of molecular imaging in biology and medicine are given. Finally, the diverse nature of molecular imaging and its reliance on interdisciplinary collaboration is discussed.

scholarly journals Multimodal Imaging Probe for Melanoma Evaluating of PTK7 Expression by Sgc8-c Aptamer Recognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Sicco ◽  
Amy Mónaco ◽  
Marcelo Fernandez ◽  
María Moreno ◽  
Victoria Calzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Imaging Probe ◽  
Molecular Imaging Probes ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Animal Tumor

Abstract Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and deadly skin cancers, and although histopathological criteria are used for its prognosis, biomarkers are necessary to identify the different evolution stages. The applications of molecular imaging include the in vivo diagnosis of cancer with probes that recognize the tumor-biomarkers specific expression allowing external images acquisitions and evaluations of the biological process in quali-quantitative ways. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that recognize targets with high affinity and specificity presenting advantages that make them interesting molecular imaging probes. Sgc8-c (DNA-aptamer) selectively recognizes PTK7-receptor overexpressed in various types of tumors. Herein, Sgc8-c was evaluated, in two melanoma models, non-metastatic and metastatic, as molecular imaging probe for in vivo diagnostic. Firstly, two probes, radio- and fluorescent-probe, were in vitro evaluated verifying the high specific PTK7 recognition and its internalization in tumor cells by the endosomal route. Secondly, in vivo proof of concept was performed in animal tumor models. Likewise, they have rapid clearance from blood exhibiting excellent target (tumor)/non-target organ ratios. Furthermore, optimal biodistribution was observed 24 hours after probes-injections accumulating almost exclusively in the tumor tissue. Sgc8-c is a potential tool for their specific use in the early detection of melanoma.

scholarly journals Radiolabeled Molecular Imaging Probes for the In Vivo Evaluation of Cellulose Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surachet Imlimthan ◽  
Sofia Otaru ◽  
Outi Keinänen ◽  
Alexandra Correia ◽  
Kalle Lintinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Molecular Imaging Probes ◽  
Imaging Probes

scholarly journals Mitochondrial-Targeted Molecular Imaging in Cardiac Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Li ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
You Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Molecular Imaging Probes ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Targeted Molecular Imaging

The present study aimed to discuss the role of mitochondrion in cardiac function and disease. The mitochondrion plays a fundamental role in cellular processes ranging from metabolism to apoptosis. The mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging could potentially illustrate changes in global and regional cardiac dysfunction. The collective changes that occur in mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging probes have been widely explored and developed. As probes currently used in the preclinical setting still have a lot of shortcomings, the development of myocardial metabolic activity, viability, perfusion, and blood flow molecular imaging probes holds great potential for accurately evaluating the myocardial viability and functional reserve. The advantages of molecular imaging provide a perspective on investigating the mitochondrial function of the myocardium in vivo noninvasively and quantitatively. The molecular imaging tracers of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography could give more detailed information on myocardial metabolism and restoration. In this study, series mitochondrial-targeted99mTc-,123I-, and18F-labeled tracers displayed broad applications because they could provide a direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac disease.

scholarly journals Non-invasive imaging of high-risk coronary plaque: the role of computed tomography and positron emission tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1113) ◽  
pp. 20190740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Bing ◽  
Krithika Loganath ◽  
Philip Adamson ◽  
David Newby ◽  
Alastair Moss
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission

Despite recent advances, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally. As such, there is a need to optimise our current diagnostic and risk stratification pathways in order to better deliver individualised preventative therapies. Non-invasive imaging of coronary artery plaque can interrogate multiple aspects of coronary atherosclerotic disease, including plaque morphology, anatomy and flow. More recently, disease activity is being assessed to provide mechanistic insights into in vivo atherosclerosis biology. Molecular imaging using positron emission tomography is unique in this field, with the potential to identify specific biological processes using either bespoke or re-purposed radiotracers. This review provides an overview of non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection and molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis.

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