scholarly journals Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene Overexpression Facilitates Pituitary Tumor Development

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 4781-4791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Donangelo ◽  
Shiri Gutman ◽  
Eva Horvath ◽  
Kalman Kovacs ◽  
Kolja Wawrowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pituitary Hyperplasia ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Transforming Gene

Intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli result in profound pituitary growth changes ranging from hypoplasia to hyperplasia. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) abundance correlates with pituitary trophic status. Mice with Pttg inactivation exhibit pituitary hypoplasia, whereas targeted pituitary PTTG overexpression driven by α-subunit glycoprotein (αGSU) promoter results in focal pituitary hyperplasia. To test the impact of pituitary hyperplasia on tumor development, we crossbred αGSU.PTTG with Rb+/− mice, which develop pituitary tumors with high penetrance. Pituitary glands of resulting bitransgenic αGSU.PTTGxRb+/− mice were compared with monotransgenic αGSU.PTTG, Rb+/−, and wild-type mice. Confocal microscopy showed that PTTG-overexpressing cells have enlarged nuclei and marked redistribution of chromatin, and electron microscopy of αGSU.PTTG pituitaries showed enlarged gonadotrophs with prominent Golgi complexes and numerous secretory granules. These morphological findings were even more remarkable in αGSU.PTTGxRb+/− pituitaries. Mice from all four genotypes were sequentially imaged by magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate pituitary volume, and glands from αGSU.PTTGxRb+/− mice were the largest as early as 2 months of age (P = 0.0003). Cumulative incidence of pituitary tumors visualized by magnetic resonance imaging did not differ between Rb+/− and αGSU.PTTGxRb+/− mice. However, anterior lobe tumors determined after necropsy were 3.5 times more frequent in αGSU.PTTGxRb+/− than in Rb+/− mice (P = 0.0036), whereas the frequency of intermediate lobe tumors was similar. In summary, αGSU.PTTGxRb+/− pituitary glands exhibit enhanced cellular activity, increased volume, and higher prevalence of anterior pituitary tumors, indicating that changes in pituitary PTTG content directly relate to both pituitary trophic status and tumorigenic potential.

scholarly journals Utility of Early Postoperative High-Resolution Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Transsphenoidal Pituitary Tumor Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal S. Patel ◽  
Jacob Kazam ◽  
Apostolos J. Tsiouris ◽  
Vijay K. Anand ◽  
Theodore H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Tumor Surgery ◽  
Resonance Imaging

3D volumetry comparison using 3T magnetic resonance imaging between normal and adenoma-containing pituitary glands

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Roldan-Valadez ◽  
Omar Gonzalez-Gutierrez ◽  
AnaCristina Garcia-Ulloa ◽  
Manuel Martinez-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
3D Volumetry

The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing Patients With Pituitary Tumors Compressing the Anterior Visual Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Hyung A. Ryu ◽  
Yves Starreveld ◽  
Jodie M. Burton ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Fiona Costello
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T compared with 1.5 T in small pituitary tumors for stereotactic radiosurgery planning

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisato Nakazawa ◽  
Yuta Shibamoto ◽  
Takahiko Tsugawa ◽  
Yoshimasa Mori ◽  
Masami Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Assessment of magnetic resonance imaging criteria for the diagnosis of cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chang ◽  
Jessica W. Grayson ◽  
João Mangussi-Gomes ◽  
Sebastian Fung ◽  
Raquel Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavernous Sinus Invasion

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of conventional and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary microadenomas

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
T.L. Stosic-Opincal ◽  
D.S. Damjanovic ◽  
M.Z. Dakovic ◽  
M.S. Gavrilov ◽  
B.D. Vasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pituitary Microadenoma ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Dynamic Mr

Objective: This study tried to determine if there is a difference between standard and dynamic MR examination in detection of pituitary microadenoma. Subjects and methods: We have included twenty seven patients with suspicious pituitary tumor. All patients have been hospitalized for endocrinologyc examination between June 2007 and May 2008 in Institute for Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolic diseases of Clinical Center of Serbia. MR examinations have been preformed in MR Center of Clinical Center of Serbia. Results: Twenty seven patients were included in our study. Only in four of them pituitary microadenoma was detected using dynamic MR examination. One was somatotrophin secreting adenoma, and three were corticotrophin realizing adenomas. There were no statistically significant differences between conventional and dynamic MR examination. Conclusion: Dynamic MR Examination as method can hardly match standard MR examination which remains standard in detection of pituitary microadenomas.

scholarly journals Rater Reliability of the Hardy Classification for Pituitary Adenomas in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mooney ◽  
Douglas Hardesty ◽  
John Sheehy ◽  
C. Bird ◽  
Kristina Chapple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Suprasellar Extension

Objectives The Hardy classification is used to classify pituitary tumors for clinical and research purposes. The scale was developed using lateral skull radiographs and encephalograms, and its reliability has not been evaluated in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) era. Design Fifty preoperative MRI scans of biopsy-proven pituitary adenomas using the sellar invasion and suprasellar extension components of the Hardy scale were reviewed. Setting This study was a cohort study set at a single institution. Participants There were six independent raters. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures of this study were interrater reliability, intrarater reliability, and percent agreement. Results Overall interrater reliability of both Hardy subscales on MRI was strong. However, reliability of the intermediate scores was weak, and percent agreement among raters was poor (12–16%) using the full scales. Dichotomizing the scale into clinically useful groups maintained strong interrater reliability for the sellar invasion scale and increased the percent agreement for both scales. Conclusion This study raises important questions about the reliability of the original Hardy classification. Editing the measure to a clinically relevant dichotomous scale simplifies the rating process and may be useful for preoperative tumor characterization in the MRI era. Future research studies should use the dichotomized Hardy scale (sellar invasion Grades 0–III versus Grade IV, suprasellar extension Types 0–C versus Type D).

Acromegaly Caused by a Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone-secreting Carcinoid Tumor: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Altstadt ◽  
Biagio Azzarelli ◽  
Carl Bevering ◽  
James Edmondson ◽  
Paul B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Hyperplasia

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE We describe a patient with acromegaly and pituitary hyperplasia secondary to a growth hormone-releasing hormone-secreting gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor. This case report illustrates the importance of including this rare clinical syndrome in the differential diagnosis of acromegaly for patients with suspected or known neuroendocrine tumors. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 19-year-old, Asian-American, male patient with a 2-year history of a nonresectable, metastatic, intestinal carcinoid tumor presented with complaints of headaches, arthralgias, sweats, and changing features. The examination revealed a young subject with acromegalic features, without visual field deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse sellar mass that extended suprasellarly to compress the optic chiasm. Endocrinological studies demonstrated a growth hormone level of more than 100 ng/ml and an inappropriately elevated growth hormone-releasing hormone level. INTERVENTION The patient underwent transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary mass for diagnostic and decompressive purposes. The pathological examination revealed pituitary hyperplasia, without evidence of an adenoma. Therapy with long-acting repeatable octreotide (Sandostatin LAR; Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland) was initiated postoperatively, to further control the acromegaly and carcinoid tumor. The soft-tissue swelling resolved, and the patient remained free of headaches, arthralgias, and sweats at the 6-month follow-up examination. CONCLUSION Ectopic acromegaly is a rare syndrome that must be recognized by neurosurgeons because its treatment differs from that of classic pituitary acromegaly. We describe a patient for whom this syndrome was documented with magnetic resonance imaging, endocrinological testing, and pathological examinations.

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