scholarly journals Neonatal Exposure to the Phytoestrogen Genistein Alters Mammary Gland Growth and Developmental Programming of Hormone Receptor Levels

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 4871-4882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Padilla-Banks ◽  
Wendy N. Jefferson ◽  
Retha R. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Alveolar Development ◽  
Terminal End Buds ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Advanced Development

Developmental effects of genistein (Gen) on the mammary gland were investigated using outbred female CD-1 mice treated neonatally on d 1–5 by sc injections at doses of 0.5, 5, or 50 mg/kg·d. Examination of mammary gland whole mounts (no. 4) before puberty (4 wk) revealed no morphological differences in development after Gen treatment. However, mice treated with Gen-50 had stunted development characterized by less branching at 5 wk and decreased numbers of terminal end buds at 5 and 6 wk. Conversely, at 6 wk, Gen-0.5-treated mice exhibited advanced development with increased ductal elongation compared with controls. Measurements of hormone receptor levels showed increased levels of progesterone receptor protein and estrogen receptor-β mRNA in Gen-0.5-treated mice compared with controls; ERα expression was decreased after all doses of Gen treatment. Lactation ability, measured by pup weight gain and survival, was not affected after neonatal Gen-0.5 and Gen-5. Mice treated with Gen-50 did not deliver live pups; therefore, lactation ability could not be determined. Evaluation of mammary glands in aged mice (9 months) showed no differences between Gen-0.5-treated mice and controls but mice treated with Gen-5 and Gen-50 exhibited altered morphology including reduced lobular alveolar development, dilated ducts, and focal areas of “beaded” ducts lined with hyperplastic ductal epithelium. In summary, neonatal Gen exposure altered mammary gland growth and development as well as hormone receptor levels at all doses examined; higher doses of Gen led to permanent long-lasting morphological changes.

INTERACTIONS OF OESTRONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON MAMMARY GLANDS OF MALE RABBITS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bengtsson ◽  
A. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary glands of castrated male rabbits was studied. Testosterone propionate was used in daily doses from 0.5 to 80 mg. The doses of oestrone ranged from 0.05 to 25 μg per day. Mammary glands were examined after 14, 28 or 56 days of injections. 1) Testosterone in doses below 20 mg failed to affect the mammary glands. With 40 or 80 mg a distinct, though abnormal growth reaction was consistently obtained. 2) Oestrone in doses lower than 0.5 μg did not stimulate mammary growth. With 0.5 μg and higher doses extensive growth of the mammary glands occurred. Stunted growth and secretion were found in the mammary glands of rabbits injected with 12.5 or 25 μg oestrone. 3) Testosterone in doses of 1 or 5 to 10 mg depressed or abolished the response of the mammary glands to 0.5 μg oestrone. When testosterone, in doses ineffective when given alone, was added to at least 3.125 μg oestrone, the mammary glands developed alveoli. The abnormalities produced by the highest doses of oestrone studied were exaggerated by the addition of testosterone. 4) The observations indicate a complicated interplay between the actions of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary gland of the rabbit. The interactions between testosterone and oestrone are presumably different from those observed between progesterone and oestrone.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific molecular heterogeneity of human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor protein

FEBS Letters ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 394 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Fujinaka ◽  
Yutaka Yokogoshi ◽  
Chen-Yu Zhang ◽  
Toshihiro Okura ◽  
Kouki Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Releasing Hormone

scholarly journals Assessment of Somaclonal Variation in Chrysan-themum (Dendranthema grandiflora Kitam.) using RAPD and Morphological Analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kengkarj ◽  
P. Smitamana ◽  
Y. Fujime
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Shape Deviation ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Highly Correlated

Novel chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Kitam.) somaclones from seven commercial cultivars were obtained through the petal segments culture. Morphological variation of the derived clones observed from the field trials was found to be cultivar specific. The major variants within the same cultivar were found only color and inflorescence shape deviation, whereby leaf and stem characters remained unchanged. Distinct variations were found in the 'Pinkgin' cultivar that color changed from magenta to red. The morphological differences of the tested somaclones showed high correlation with the RAPD patterns analysis.  The morphological differences of the tested somaclones were shown to be highly correlated using RAPD pattern analysis. RAPD markers, using ten primers could better separate each cultivar at 80% similarity value. All the somaclones could be singly separated at 90% similarity. However, the higher level of variability of RAPD patterns in chrysanthemum rendered these RAPD fragments as good candidates for somaclonal and cultivar identification. The results from this study revealed the potential increase in range of floral color and morphological changes of petal segment culture, thus this technique would be effectively used for novel plant production. Key words:  Petal culture, Dendranthema grandiflora, Somaclonal variation, RAPD, Identification D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3396 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 139-149, 2008 (December)

scholarly journals Letter to the Editor

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-597
Author(s):  
Sara Belluco
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
High Grade ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Mammary Gland Tumors ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland

The article “CD204-Expressing Tumor-Associated Macrophages Are Associated With Malignant, High-Grade, and Hormone Receptor–Negative Canine Mammary Gland Tumors” does not provide evidence that CD204 is a marker for M2 macrophages.

MASTITIS AS A CAUSE OF CARDIOMYOPATHY DEVELOPMENT IN DOGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1417-1422
Author(s):  
D.I. Zayakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Apoptosis Process

Researchers in our country have established today that during the structuring period, the mammary gland begins to actively develop in bitches at the age of 4 to 6 months. This period naturally coincides with the beginning of ovarian function. And it is naturally controlled by follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone. The regulation of tissue homeostasis in the mammary gland is maintained by a balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The apoptosis process plays one of the most important roles in the growth and development of not only the body, but also cells. These include not only healthy cells, but also tumor cells. Approbation of improved diagnostics of various types of breast diseases in dogs, as well as the choice of a rational and less painful method of treatment in veterinary practice in the future will allow the prevention of diseases of mastopathy, which will radically reduce diseases of the reproductive system. An analysis of the works of foreign authors in veterinary medicine indicates a lack of research on this topic in hormonal control of the sexual cycle in dogs. Taking this into account, many scientists devote their research to morphological changes in the structure of the mammary gland, not only in dogs, but also in most domesticated carnivores. Such changes for the worse affect the effect of the use of hormonal drugs for contraception during sexual cycles. When collecting anamnesis, we paid attention to: the time of manifestation of the preliminary disease, the course of the disease, what factors could provoke this pathology. They also clarified the regularity of the leaks from the owners of the animals, paid attention to the possible presence of pseudolactations and the possible changes in the mammary gland during this period. Also, an important condition was the maintenance and proper feeding.

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