scholarly journals Cathepsins in the Ovine Uterus: Regulation by Pregnancy, Progesterone, and Interferon Tau

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (11) ◽  
pp. 4825-4833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwonhwa Song ◽  
Thomas E. Spencer ◽  
Fuller W. Bazer
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Glandular Epithelium ◽  
Luminal Epithelium ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Ovine Uterus

Cathepsins (CTS) are peptidases that have biological roles in degrading extracellular matrix, catabolism of intracellular proteins, and processing of prohormones. Expression of CTSB, CTSD, CTSH, CTSK, CTSL, CTSS, and CTSZ genes was detected in the endometria of cyclic and early pregnant ewes with distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns. In the d 18 and 20 conceptus, expression of CTSB, CTSD, CTSL, and CTSZ mRNA was detected in the trophectoderm. Of particular note, CTSL mRNA was the most abundant CTS mRNA in the ovine endometrium and detected only in the luminal epithelium and superficial glandular epithelium of cyclic and pregnant ewes. CTSL mRNA increased 8-fold between d 10 and 18 in endometria of pregnant ewes, whereas it declined between d 14 and 16 in cyclic ewes. CTSL protein was also detected in conceptus trophectoderm, and pro-CTSL was detected in uterine flushings from ewes between d 12 and 16 of pregnancy. In ovariectomized and catheterized ewes, CTSL mRNA in the endometrium was increased by progesterone and intrauterine injections of ovine interferon (IFN)τ. Other endometrial CTS genes were also regulated by progesterone alone (CTSB, CTSK, CTSS, and CTSZ) or progesterone and IFNτ (CTSH, CTSK, CTSS, and CTSZ). These results indicate that CTS of endometrial and conceptus origin may regulate endometrial remodeling and conceptus implantation, endometrial CTS genes are regulated by ovarian and placental hormones, and CTSL is a novel IFNτ-stimulated gene expressed only in luminal epithelium and superficial glandular epithelium of the endometrium.

scholarly journals Progesterone and Interferon-τ Regulate Cystatin C in the Endometrium

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 3478-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwonhwa Song ◽  
Thomas E. Spencer ◽  
Fuller W. Bazer
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Glandular Epithelium ◽  
Luminal Epithelium ◽  
Cathepsin Activity ◽  
Lysosomal Cysteine Proteases ◽  
D 20 ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Ovine Uterus

Cystatin C (CST3) is a secreted inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsins B (CTSB) and CTSL, which are abundant in the ovine endometrium and conceptus. In mice, cathepsins and cystatins play important roles in implantation and placentation. This study determined effects of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, progesterone (P4), and interferon-τ (IFNT) on CST3 in the ovine uterus. In cyclic ewes, CST3 mRNA was low on d 10, increased about 12-fold by d 12, and declined thereafter. In early pregnant ewes, CST3 mRNA was low on d 10 and increased about 130-fold from d 10 to d 20. CST3 mRNA and protein were abundant in the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium and also in conceptus trophectoderm. In uterine flushes from pregnant ewes, CST3 protein was not detected on d 10 but was abundant on d 12, 14, and 16. In another study, treatment of ovariectomized, cyclic ewes with P4 induced a 14-fold increase in endometrial CST3 mRNA, and IFNT stimulated an additional 2-fold increase in CST3 mRNA in P4-treated ewes but not in ewes treated with P4 and the antiprogestin ZK 136,317. CST3 mRNA and protein were abundant in the endometrial luminal epithelium and superficial glandular epithelium of P4-treated ewes but were very low or not detectable in endometria of P4- and ZK-treated ewes. These results indicate that CST3 is a novel P4-induced and IFNT-stimulated gene expressed only in the epithelial cells of the ovine endometrium and implicate CST3 in regulation of uterine cathepsin activity during conceptus implantation.

scholarly journals The Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISG) 17 and Mx have different temporal and spatial expression in the ovine uterus suggesting more complex regulation of the Mx gene

2002 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. R7-R11 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Johnson ◽  
MM Joyce ◽  
SJ Yankey ◽  
TR Hansen ◽  
TL Ott
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Ovine Uterus

Interferon stimulated gene 17 (ISG17) and Mx are up-regulated in the ruminant uterus in response to interferon-tau (IFNtau) during early pregnancy. Recent evidence strongly indicates that expression of ISGs occur only in stroma (ST) and glandular epithelium (GE) during this time as a result of transcriptional repression by interferon regulatory factor two (IRF-2) expression in the LE. The present report tested this hypothesis by examining mRNA and protein expression of ISG17 and Mx in serial uterine cross-sections obtained from cyclic and early pregnant ewes. In situ and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that ISG17 mRNA and protein were low to undetectable, whereas Mx mRNA was expressed in the lumenal (LE) and superficial GE at all days of the estrous cycle examined. Both ISG17 and Mx mRNA increased in the stratum compactum ST between Days 11 and 13, and expression extended into the deep GE and stratum spongiosum ST on Days 15 through 17 in pregnant ewes. Interestingly the Mx gene continued to be strongly expressed in LE and superficial GE through Day 17 of pregnancy, whereas ISG17 remained low to undetectable in these cells. Collectively, this study highlights the complexity of the uterine environment by unequivocally illustrating differential temporal and spatial expression of the IFN-responsive genes ISG17 and Mx.

scholarly journals Placental PAGs: gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. R115-R126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhianna M Wallace ◽  
Ky G Pohler ◽  
Michael F Smith ◽  
Jonathan A Green
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Putative Role ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are abundantly expressed products of the placenta of species within the Cetartiodactyla order (even-toed ungulates). They are restricted to this order and they are particularly numerous in the Bovidae. The PAGs exhibit a range of temporal and spatial expression patterns by the placental trophoblasts and probably represent a group of related proteins that perform a range of distinct functions in the epitheliochorial and synepitheliochorial placental forms. This review presents an overview of the origins of the PAGs, a summary of PAG expression patterns, and their use as markers of pregnancy status. Speculations about their putative role(s) in pregnancy are also presented.

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of the LEAFY homologue NLF during florogenesis in Narcissus tazetta

Plant Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Noy-Porat ◽  
Rina Kamenetsky ◽  
Amram Eshel ◽  
Moshe A. Flaishman
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Narcissus Tazetta ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Temporal and Spatial Expression Patterns of PDGF Receptors in Embryonic Rat Heart as Detected Through Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy.

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1167
Author(s):  
T. Thielen ◽  
W. Carver ◽  
D.G. Simpson ◽  
T.K. Borg ◽  
L. Terracio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Blocking Antibodies ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

The active form of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimeric combination of two polypeptide chains: PDGF-A and PDGF-B. The protein can exist as a heterodimer (PDGF-AB) or as one of two homodimers (PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB), resulting in three isoforms. Two types of PDGF receptors also exist: PDGFRα and PDGFRß. The PDGFRß binds only the PDGF-B chain, while PDGFRα can bind both PDGF-A and -B chains. Both of these receptors show specific temporal and spatial expression patterns that are related to cellular responses including mitogenesis, cell migration, chemotaxis, adhesion and differentiation in a variety of cell types.Spontaneous mutants in which the PDGFRα is absent exhibit fatal defects during fetal development in mice. Some of these malformities include cardiac septal, valve, and outflow tract defects. Similar defects occur when the function of PDGF-A is disrupted by blocking antibodies. Disruption of PDGF-B function, results in ventricular and atrial dilation, hyper-trabeculation and reduction of the ventricular wall to the thickness of a single cell layer.

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