Organic Matter Knowledge and Management in Soils of the Tropics Related to Ecosystem Services

2010 ◽  
pp. 241-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Feller ◽  
E. Blanchart ◽  
M. Bernoux ◽  
R. Lal ◽  
R. Manlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals Assessment of ecosystem services provided by livestock agroecosystems in the tropics: a case study of tropical island environment of Guadeloupe

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Gourdine ◽  
A. Fourcot ◽  
C. Lefloch ◽  
M. Naves ◽  
G. Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Livestock Farming System ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Cluster 2

AbstractThe present study aims to assess (1) the ecosystem services (ES) provided by LFS and (2) the differential ES between local (Creole) and exotic breeds from pig, cattle and goat. The ES are defined as the benefits that humans derive from LFS. They were summarized in 12 ES indicators that cover services related to provisioning, ecological and socio-cultural aspects and territorial vitality. A total of 106 LFS units that covers the five agroecological zones of Guadeloupe were analysed. Functional typologies of LFS per species were created from surveys. The effect of breed on the ES indicators was tested. Results showed that the 40 pig LFS units were separated into 3 clusters that were differentiated in ES according to provisioning ES (cluster 1), cultural use and sale to the neighborhood (cluster 2) and pork self-consumption (cluster 3). The typology of the 57 farms with cattle distinguished 4 clusters with differences in ES provided in self-consumption (cluster1), ecological ES (cluster 2), socio-cultural ES for racing or draught oxen (cluster 3) and ES associated with territory vitality (cluster 4). The 66 goat LFS units were classified into 3 clusters different in ES concerning self-consumption (cluster 1), cultural aspects (cluster 2) and provisioning ES (cluster 3). Our study highlights that ES indicators are not breed dependent (P > 0.10) but rather livestock farming system dependent. The ES rely more on the rearing management than on the breed type, and up to now, there are no specifications in Guadeloupe to differentiate management between breeds.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE PROCESS OF DECOMPOSITION AND CARBON CYCLING IN 'FADAMA' COASTAL WETLANDS: A CASE STUDY OF HEAPING WETLANDS ECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
George Dasat Shwamyil ◽  
G. Danjuma ◽  
E. S. Chundusu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Plateau State

Wetlands provide several ecosystem services including carbon capture and storage, water filtration, nutrient cycling, and support agriculture among others. The biogeochemical process and decomposition parameters in ‘Fadama' wetland soils comprising of Gada biyu, Pwomol and Kpang referred to as sites A, B, and C respectively all of Heipang District in Barkin Ladi, Plateau State was investigated using standard operating procedures (SOP). Results of investigations revealed that soils from Kpang had slightly higher water content (34.52%) than those from Pwomol (33.48%) and Gada biyu (32.03%). While soils from Gada biyu had the highest solid organic matter (SOM) (10.79%) followed by Pwomol (8.15%) as Kpang had the least (7.85%). Gada biyu soils had the lowest Phenol oxidases activity (1536.56 nmol dicq g-1 h-1) while those from Pwomol (5340.44 nmol dicq g-1 h-1) was highest. All sites had similar concentrations of soil phenolics (76.58 µg g-1, 79.98µg g-1, and 83.25µg g-1). The activity of hydrolyses (β-glucosidase) in Gada biyu soil (2.93 nmol g-1 min-1) was lower than those from Pwomol (6.13 nmol g-1 min-1). These parameters indicate the level of biogeochemical processes in the soil at each site. Gada biyu had the highest rate of CH4 (0.84 ug g-1h-1) flux. Decomposition of organic matter, carbon cycling and greenhouse gas storage in wetland soil, is due to the anoxic condition comprising of low oxygen availability, cool temperatures, anaerobic conditions, reduced microbial activity, and the quality of organic matter substrates in such soils.  Anthropogenic disturbances affecting wetlands must be discouraged to promote vital ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Potential relevance of Mortierella alpina as a source of ice nucleating particles in soil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Conen ◽  
Mikhail V. Yakutin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Soil organic matter carries ice nucleating particles (INP) of which the origin is hard to define and that are active at slight supercooling. The discovery and characterisation of INP produced by the widespread soil fungus Mortierella alpina permits a more targeted investigation of the likely origin of INP in soils. We searched for INP with characteristics similar to those reported for M. alpina (INPM-like) in 20 soil samples from four areas in the northern midlatitudes and one area in the tropics. In the 15 samples where we could detect INPM-like, they constituted between 1 and 94 % (median 11 %) of all INP active at −10 °C or warmer associated with soil particles

Management of organic matter in the tropics: translating theory into practice

2001 ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Palm ◽  
Ken E. Giller ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya ◽  
M. J. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
The Tropics

Soil organic matter and the indigenous nitrogen supply of intensive irrigated rice systems in the tropics

1996 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Cassman ◽  
A. Dobermann ◽  
P. C. Sta Cruz ◽  
G. C. Gines ◽  
M. I. Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Indigenous Nitrogen Supply

Partnership with Malawian Farmers to Develop Organic Matter Technologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kanyama-Phiri ◽  
S. Snapp ◽  
S. Minae
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nutrient Budgets ◽  
Community Based ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
The Tropics

One of the biggest challenges in the tropics is to develop organic matter technologies (OMT) which increase production, reduce risk and are taken up by farmers. An interdisciplinary team of researchers, extension staff and farmers addressed this challenge in southern Malawi. Two watersheds were identified as the primary unit of research, extension and development to test OMTs. This landscape-based approach provided the platform for interdisciplinary research and farmer-participatory, community based assessment of OMTs. The on-going process involves testing a menu of farmers' OMT recommendations and closely linked process research conducted in the field. The OMT with promise in the maize-dominated cropping system of the watersheds was relay intercropping of agroforestry species ( Sesbania sesban and Tephrosia vogelii). Evaluation of OMT performance involved farmer assessment and biological evaluation. Farmer participatory methods included village group and individual semi-structured questionnaires, linear transect walks, and farmer-managed, researcher-designed trials. Biology included monitoring cropping system production, linked with soil nitrogen dynamics and watershed nutrient budgets to assess sustainability of OMTs. Nutrient budgets indicated that system productivity can be enhanced almost two-fold by addition of 30 N kg/ha N as an organic or inorganic source, and nutrient losses will be lowest with a combined OMT plus inorganic fertilizer technology. The poorest farmers with access to small, infertile fields tended to have sandy soils with low nitrate levels and limited growth of Sesbania. This reduced the benefit from relay OMT systems. These farmers may be candidates for more intensive use of grain legume intercrops and rotations, as benefits from the grain are needed by these food-insecure households, and will complement soil fertility amelioration.

scholarly journals Nutrient resources for crop production in the tropics

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1356) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. G. Vlek ◽  
Ronald F. Kühne ◽  
Manfred Denich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
The Tropics

For the foreseeable future a majority of the population, and almost all the mal– and under–nourished, will continue to be found in the tropics and subtropics. Food security in these parts of the world will have to be met largely from local resources. The productivity of the land is to a large extent determined by the fertlity of the soil, which in turn is mostly determined by its organic matter content and stored nutrients. Soil organic matter is readily lost when organic matter inputs are reduced upon cultivation and more so upon intensification. The concomitant loss of topsoil and possible exposure of subsoil acidity may cause further soil degradation. Plant nutrients to replenish what is yearly taken from the soil to meet the demands for food and fibre amount to 230 million tonnes (Mt). Current fertilizer consumption stands at about 130 Mt of N, P 2 O 5 ,and K 2 O, supplemented by an estimated 90 Mt of N from biological nitrogen fixation worldwide. Although 80 per cent of the population lives in the developing world, only half the world's fertilizer is consumed there. Yet, as much as 50% of the increase in agricultural productivity in the developing world is due to the adoption of fertilizers. World population growth will cause a doubling in these nutrients requirements for the developing world by 2020, which, in the likely case of inadequate production, will need to be met from soil reserves. Because expansion of the cultivable land area is reaching its limits, the reliance on nutrient inputs and their efficient use is bound to grow. With current urban expansion, nutrients in harvested products are increasingly lost from the rural environment as a whole. Estimates of soil nutrient depletion rates for sub–Saharan Africa (SSA) are alarmingly high. The situation may be more favourable in Latin America and Asia where fertilizer inputs are tenfold those of SSA. Closing the nutrient cycle at a community level in rural areas may be tedious; on an inter–regional level it is associated with considerable costs of collection, detoxification and transportation to the farms. Yet, at the rate at which some of the non–renewable resources such as phosphorus and potassium are being exploited, recycling of these nutrients will soon be required.

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, SOIL LITTER AND LITTER FALL IN THE TROPICS

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Janssens ◽  
J. Pohlan ◽  
V. Mulindabigwa ◽  
D. Sonwa ◽  
Z. Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
The Tropics
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