Hindlimb Muscles of Tetrapods and More Insights on Pectoral–Pelvic Nonserial Homology

2018 ◽  
pp. 487-594
Author(s):  
Rui Diogo ◽  
Janine M. Ziermann ◽  
Julia Molnar ◽  
Natalia Siomava ◽  
Virginia Abdala
Keyword(s):  
Hindlimb Muscles

scholarly journals Protein recycling and limb muscle recovery after critical illness in slow- and fast-twitch limb muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. R584-R593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Preau ◽  
Michael Ambler ◽  
Anna Sigurta ◽  
Anna Kleyman ◽  
Alex Dyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

An impaired capacity of muscle to regenerate after critical illness results in long-term functional disability. We previously described in a long-term rat peritonitis model that gastrocnemius displays near-normal histology whereas soleus demonstrates a necrotizing phenotype. We thus investigated the link between the necrotizing phenotype of critical illness myopathy and proteasome activity in these two limb muscles. We studied male Wistar rats that underwent an intraperitoneal injection of the fungal cell wall constituent zymosan or n-saline as a sham-treated control. Rats ( n = 74) were killed at 2, 7, and 14 days postintervention with gastrocnemius and soleus muscle removed and studied ex vivo. Zymosan-treated animals displayed an initial reduction of body weight but a persistent decrease in mass of both lower hindlimb muscles. Zymosan increased chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like proteasome activities in gastrocnemius at days 2 and 7 but in soleus at day 2 only. Activated caspases-3 and -9, polyubiquitin proteins, and 14-kDa fragments of myofibrillar actin (proteasome substrates) remained persistently increased from day 2 to day 14 in soleus but not in gastrocnemius. These results suggest that a relative proteasome deficiency in soleus is associated with a necrotizing phenotype during long-term critical illness. Rescuing proteasome clearance may offer a potential therapeutic option to prevent long-term functional disability in critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Discovery and refinement of muscle weight QTLs in B6 × D2 advanced intercross mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Carbonetto ◽  
R. Cheng ◽  
J. P. Gyekis ◽  
C. C. Parker ◽  
D. A. Blizard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Causal Genes ◽  
Snp Panel ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Genetic Contributions

The genes underlying variation in skeletal muscle mass are poorly understood. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been mapped in crosses of mouse strains, the limited resolution inherent in these conventional studies has made it difficult to reliably pinpoint the causal genetic variants. The accumulated recombination events in an advanced intercross line (AIL), in which mice from two inbred strains are mated at random for several generations, can improve mapping resolution. We demonstrate these advancements in mapping QTLs for hindlimb muscle weights in an AIL ( n = 832) of the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) strains, generations F8–F13. We mapped muscle weight QTLs using the high-density MegaMUGA SNP panel. The QTLs highlight the shared genetic architecture of four hindlimb muscles and suggest that the genetic contributions to muscle variation are substantially different in males and females, at least in the B6D2 lineage. Out of the 15 muscle weight QTLs identified in the AIL, nine overlapped the genomic regions discovered in an earlier B6D2 F2 intercross. Mapping resolution, however, was substantially improved in our study to a median QTL interval of 12.5 Mb. Subsequent sequence analysis of the QTL regions revealed 20 genes with nonsense or potentially damaging missense mutations. Further refinement of the muscle weight QTLs using additional functional information, such as gene expression differences between alleles, will be important for discerning the causal genes.

Global/temporal gene expression in diaphragm and hindlimb muscles of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. C773-C784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Rouger ◽  
Martine Le Cunff ◽  
Marja Steenman ◽  
Marie-Claude Potier ◽  
Nathalie Gibelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dystrophin Gene ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Mdx Mouse ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temporal Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dystrophin Protein

The mdx mouse is a model for human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked degenerative disease of skeletal muscle tissue characterized by the absence of the dystrophin protein. The mdx mice display a much milder phenotype than DMD patients. After the first week of life when all mdx muscles evolve like muscles of young DMD patients, mdx hindlimb muscles substantially compensate for the lack of dystrophin, whereas mdx diaphragm muscle becomes progressively affected by the disease. We used cDNA microarrays to compare the expression profile of 1,082 genes, previously selected by a subtractive method, in control and mdx hindlimb and diaphragm muscles at 12 time points over the first year of the mouse life. We determined that 1) the dystrophin gene defect induced marked expression remodeling of 112 genes encoding proteins implicated in diverse muscle cell functions and 2) two-thirds of the observed transcriptomal anomalies differed between adult mdx hindlimb and diaphragm muscles. Our results showed that neither mdx diaphram muscle nor mdx hindlimb muscles evolve entirely like the human DMD muscles. This finding should be taken under consideration for the interpretation of future experiments using mdx mice as a model for therapeutic assays.

Coming to grips with life upside down: how myosin fiber type and metabolic properties of sloth hindlimb muscles contribute to suspensory function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle B. Spainhower ◽  
Allan K. Metz ◽  
Abdel-Ruhman S. Yusuf ◽  
Lydia E. Johnson ◽  
Judy A. Avey-Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Metabolic Properties

Fiber type composition of four hindlimb muscles of adult Fisher 344 rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Staron ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Robert S. Hikida ◽  
Andy C. Fry ◽  
Jerry D. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Type Composition

Fatigue-related changes in neuromuscular excitability of rat hindlimb muscles

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1123-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Enoka ◽  
Lucinda L. Rankin ◽  
Michael J. Joyner ◽  
Douglas G. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Neuromuscular Excitability

Muscle growth, cell number, type and morphometry in single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. McCoard ◽  
W. C. McNabb ◽  
S. W. Peterson ◽  
S. N. McCutcheon ◽  
P. M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

Muscle growth, myofibre number, type and morphometry were studied in large hindlimb muscles of single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation. Placental insufficiency, evident by lower total placentome weight and number per fetus, resulted in reduced fetal weights from 100 to 140 days gestation in twins compared with singletons (at 140 days: 5016 108 g v. 5750 246 g, respectively; P<0.05). However, competition between littermates did not consistently reduce muscle mass (15–22%) until 140 days gestation. Apparent myofibre number increased with age, indicating that the full complement of myofibres in some large hindlimb muscles may be achieved during early postnatal life. Litter size did not impact on apparent myofibre number in the semitendinosus, plantaris or gastrocnemius muscles. However, a transient effect on myofibre number in the adductor femoris muscle was observed from 80–120 days gestation. The phenotypic maturation of myofibres was unaffected by increasing litter size. Smaller muscle mass in twins was associated with smaller myofibre cross-sectional area in the semitendinosus, adductor femoris and gastrocnemius muscles at 140 days gestation. A similar trend was observed for the plantaris muscle. These results indicate that while competition between littermates for nutrients in late gestation can impact on both fetal and muscle mass, the fetus has the capacity to buffer against the effects of restricted nutrient supply on myofibre hyperplasia and phenotypic maturation, but myofibre hypertrophy is compromised.

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