Application of Mutation Breeding in Plants

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.) is an annual crop, mainly used as a spiceand leafy vegetable crop in many parts of the world. Classical breeding in fenugreek is restricted due to its low genetic variability and small flower size which hamper manual emasculation and pollination. Mutation breeding is an effective way to enrich genetic variability in crop plants. An experiment was conducted to determine the lethal dose of the physical mutagen gamma rays in fenugreek. The dry seeds of fenugreek were exposed to different doses of gamma rays i.e. 150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and 350Gy. These irradiated seeds were sown in the Petri plates with non-irradiated seeds (control). As the dose of gamma rays increased, there was a decrease in germination percentage, seedling survival, root length, shoot length and vigour index. Among five doses of gamma rays, the maximum seed germination was observed at lowest dose 150Gy (93%), followed by 200Gy (83%), 250Gy (76%), 300Gy (76%) and 350Gy (64%). The seedling survival was decreased from 90% (in control) to 56% in 350Gy dose of gamma rays. The gamma rays dose of 150Gy gave stimulatory effect on seedlings growth. The growth parameters were dose dependent, as the dose of gamma rays increased from 200Gy to 350Gy. The gamma rays dose of 350Gy showed 64% seeds germination and 56% of seedlings survival. Therefore, it is concluded that the LD50 dose for fenugreek is close to 350Gy. This information would be highly useful for initiating mutation breeding programme in fenugreek

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Mutation breeding ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaewith lower methanol content and the effects of pectinase, cellulase and glycine in sugar cane spirits

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.6908 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 (9) ◽

pp. 1949-1955

Author(s):

Ming-Hua Liang ◽

Ying-Jie Liang ◽

Xiao-Na Wu ◽

Shi-Shui Zhou ◽

Jian-Guo Jiang

Keyword(s):

Sugar Cane ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Methanol Content

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Ovaries of Chrysanthemum Irradiated with High-Energy Photons and High-Energy Electrons Can Regenerate Plants with Novel Traits

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1111

Author(s):

Natalia Miler ◽

Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽

Seweryn Jakubowski ◽

Janusz Winiecki

Keyword(s):

Total Dose ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

High Energy ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Breeding Method ◽

High Energy Electrons

Classical mutation breeding using physical factors is a common breeding method for ornamental crops. The aim of our study was to examine the utility of ovaries excised from irradiated inflorescences of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) as explants for breeding purposes. We studied the in vitro regeneration capacity of the ovaries of two chrysanthemum cultivars: ‘Profesor Jerzy’ and ‘Karolina’ preceded by irradiation with high-energy photons (total dose 5, 10 and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (total dose 10 Gy). Growth and inflorescence parameters of greenhouse acclimatized regenerants were recorded, and ploidy level was estimated with flow cytometry. The strong impact of genotype on regeneration efficiency was recorded—cultivar ‘Karolina’ produced only 7 viable shoots, while ‘Profesor Jerzy’ produced totally 428 shoots. With an increase of irradiation dose, the regeneration decreased, the least responsive were explants irradiated with 15 Gy high-energy photons and 10 Gy high-energy electrons. Regenerants of ‘Profesor Jerzy’ obtained from these explants possessed shorter stem and flowered later. The highest number of stable, color and shape inflorescence variations were obtained from explants treated with 10 Gy high-energy photons. Variations of inflorescences were predominantly changes of shape—from full to semi-full. New color phenotypes were dark yellow, light yellow and pinkish, among them only the dark yellow phenotype remained stable during second year cultivation. None of the regenerants were haploid. The application of ovaries irradiated within the whole inflorescence of chrysanthemum can be successfully applied in the breeding programs, provided the mother cultivar regenerate in vitro efficiently.

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Quantitative evaluation of DNA damage caused by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) and other mutagenesis methods using a rapid umu-microplate test protocol for microbial mutation breeding

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.cjche.2021.01.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuting Huang ◽

Liyang Wang ◽

Xue Zhang ◽

Nan Su ◽

Heping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Temperature Plasma

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Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1359

Author(s):

Javaria Tabassum ◽

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

Babar Hussain ◽

Amos Musyoki Mawia ◽

Aqib Zeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Editing ◽

Crop Production ◽

Grain Quality ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Improvement ◽

Breeding Techniques

Food crop production and quality are two major attributes that ensure food security. Rice is one of the major sources of food that feeds half of the world’s population. Therefore, to feed about 10 billion people by 2050, there is a need to develop high-yielding grain quality of rice varieties, with greater pace. Although conventional and mutation breeding techniques have played a significant role in the development of desired varieties in the past, due to certain limitations, these techniques cannot fulfill the high demands for food in the present era. However, rice production and grain quality can be improved by employing new breeding techniques, such as genome editing tools (GETs), with high efficiency. These tools, including clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems, have revolutionized rice breeding. The protocol of CRISPR/Cas9 systems technology, and its variants, are the most reliable and efficient, and have been established in rice crops. New GETs, such as CRISPR/Cas12, and base editors, have also been applied to rice to improve it. Recombinases and prime editing tools have the potential to make edits more precisely and efficiently. Briefly, in this review, we discuss advancements made in CRISPR systems, base and prime editors, and their applications, to improve rice grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, grain quality, disease and herbicide resistance, in addition to the regulatory aspects and risks associated with genetically modified rice plants. We also focus on the limitations and future prospects of GETs to improve rice grain quality.

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