Biochemical, Genetic and Genomic Perspectives of Flavor and Fragrance in Rice

2018 ◽  
pp. 289-312
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Genetic

scholarly journals A molecular pathology, neurobiology, biochemical, genetic and neuroimaging study of progressive apraxia of speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Josephs ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Heather M. Clark ◽  
Rene L. Utianski ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Molecular Pathology ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Imaging

AbstractProgressive apraxia of speech is a neurodegenerative syndrome affecting spoken communication. Molecular pathology, biochemistry, genetics, and longitudinal imaging were investigated in 32 autopsy-confirmed patients with progressive apraxia of speech who were followed over 10 years. Corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy (4R-tauopathies) were the most common underlying pathologies. Perceptually distinct speech characteristics, combined with age-at-onset, predicted specific 4R-tauopathy; phonetic subtype and younger age predicted corticobasal degeneration, and prosodic subtype and older age predicted progressive supranuclear palsy. Phonetic and prosodic subtypes showed differing relationships within the cortico-striato-pallido-nigro-luysial network. Biochemical analysis revealed no distinct differences in aggregated 4R-tau while tau H1 haplotype frequency (69%) was lower compared to 1000+ autopsy-confirmed 4R-tauopathies. Corticobasal degeneration patients had faster rates of decline, greater cortical degeneration, and shorter illness duration than progressive supranuclear palsy. These findings help define the pathobiology of progressive apraxia of speech and may have consequences for development of 4R-tau targeting treatment.

scholarly journals Coordination of K+Transporters in Neurospora: TRK1 Is Scarce and Constitutive, while HAK1 Is Abundant and Highly Regulated

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rivetta ◽  
Kenneth E. Allen ◽  
Carolyn W. Slayman ◽  
Clifford L. Slayman
Keyword(s):  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Carbon Starvation ◽  
Transmembrane Helices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Electrophysiological Characterization ◽  
Low K ◽  
Potassium Limitation

ABSTRACTFungi, plants, and bacteria accumulate potassium via two distinct molecular machines not directly coupled to ATP hydrolysis. The first, designated TRK, HKT, or KTR, has eight transmembrane helices and is folded like known potassium channels, while the second, designated HAK, KT, or KUP, has 12 transmembrane helices and resembles MFS class proteins. One of each type functions in the model organismNeurospora crassa, where both are readily accessible for biochemical, genetic, and electrophysiological characterization. We have now determined the operating balance between Trk1p and Hak1p under several important conditions, including potassium limitation and carbon starvation. Growth measurements, epitope tagging, and quantitative Western blotting have shown the geneHAK1to be much more highly regulated than isTRK1. This conclusion follows from three experimental results: (i) Trk1p is expressed constitutively but at low levels, and it is barely sensitive to extracellular [K+] and/or the coexpression ofHAK1; (ii) Hak1p is abundant but is markedly depressed by elevated extracellular concentrations of K+and by coexpression ofTRK1; and (iii) Carbon starvation slowly enhances Hak1p expression and depresses Trk1p expression, yielding steady-state Hak1p:Trk1p ratios of ∼500:1,viz., 10- to 50-fold larger than that in K+- and carbon-replete cells. Additionally, it appears that both potassium transporters can adjust kinetically to sustained low-K+stress by means of progressively increasing transporter affinity for extracellular K+. The underlying observations are (iv) that K+influx via Trk1p remains nearly constant at ∼9 mM/h when extracellular K+is progressively depleted below 0.05 mM and (v) that K+influx via Hak1p remains at ∼3 mM/h when extracellular K+is depleted below 0.1 mM.

Speciation of cestoda. Evidence for two sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider 1902) (Cestoda: Cyathocephalidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Renaud ◽  
C. Gabrion
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Biological Differences

SUMMARYUsing biochemical genetic methods, we have distinguished 2 sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider, 1902), which infest 2 congeneric species of sole (Solea lascaris and Solea impar) on European coasts (Atlantic and Mediterranean). Neither of the parasite species is specific for either of the sole species, but one of them is present all year round, whereas the other is absent in the autumn and winter and only appears in the spring, subsequently disappearing at the end of the summer. Only S. impar lives in the Mediterranean, and is equally infested by both cestodes, whereas both species occur in the Atlantic and each of them is preferentially infested by 1 species of cestode. The shortness of the adult stage of the parasite in the definitive host and the presence of 2 life-cycles associated with competition between the 2 hosts in the Atlantic could be responsible for the biological differences observed and for maintaining the sibling species in sympatry.

scholarly journals Biochemical genetic analysis of formycin B action in Leishmania donovani.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (12) ◽  
pp. 7637-7643
Author(s):  
N Robinson ◽  
K Kaur ◽  
K Emmett ◽  
D M Iovannisci ◽  
B Ullman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Biochemical Genetic

Biochemical genetic differentiation between Pomatoschistus marmoratus and P. tortonesei

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arculeo ◽  
A. Mauro ◽  
S. Lo Brutto ◽  
S. Mirto ◽  
M. Cammarata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Biochemical Genetic

scholarly journals Biomarkers responses in fish (Atherinella brasiliensis) of paranaguá bay, southern Brazil, for assessment of pollutant effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Alberto Katsumiti ◽  
Patrícia França ◽  
Jocieli Maschio ◽  
Eliandra Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Paranaguá Bay ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact

Paranaguá bay is a complex estuary located in southern Brazil containing three protected areas listed by UNESCO. Historically, the estuary has been affected by urban, industrial, agricultural and harbor activities, and occasional accidents. Specifically, the explosion of the Chilean ship Vicuña in December 2004 spilled methanol and crude and fuel oils which affected both protected and non-protected areas. The present study sought to investigate the pollution threat to aquatic organisms in order to evaluate the potential effects of pollutants. One hundred and twenty adult fish Atherinella brasiliensis were collected from different sites within Paranaguá estuary, including the harbor and open ocean, during summer, autumn and winter of 2005. Among the biomarkers, the somatic index, chemical analysis of bile, biochemical, genetic and morphological parameters were considered. Chemical analysis of bile showed a continuous bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to proximity to the harbor site. The histopathological findings have demonstrated aconsiderable incidence of severe pathologies in the liver and gills, corroborated by biochemical disturbances and genetic damage. These findings indicate that more studies are necessary to evaluate both water quality and fish health so as to permit a better analysis of the impact of pollution in Paranaguá estuary.

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