Inter- and Intracellular Signaling in Plant Cells with Participation of Neurotransmitters (Biomediators)

2018 ◽  
pp. 147-180
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Roshchina
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Plant Cells

scholarly journals Plant Autophagy: An Intricate Process Controlled by Various Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Tongtong Wang ◽  
Jingyi Han ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yanxiu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling ◽  
External Signals

Autophagy is a ubiquitous process used widely across plant cells to degrade cellular material and is an important regulator of plant growth and various environmental stress responses in plants. The initiation and dynamics of autophagy in plant cells are precisely controlled according to the developmental stage of the plant and changes in the environment, which are transduced into intracellular signaling pathways. These signaling pathways often regulate autophagy by mediating TOR (Target of Rapamycin) kinase activity, an important regulator of autophagy initiation; however, some also act via TOR-independent pathways. Under nutrient starvation, TOR activity is suppressed through glucose or ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling, thereby promoting the initiation of autophagy. Under stresses, autophagy can be regulated by the regulatory networks connecting stresses, ROS and plant hormones, and in turn, autophagy regulates ROS levels and hormone signaling. This review focuses on the latest research progress in the mechanism of different external signals regulating autophagy.

The regulation of mitotic progression in plant cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Regulatory Cascades

Mitosis is the process responsible for the partitioning of replicated chromosomes. In virtually all eukaryotes, the synchronous separation of sister chromatids delineates the simultaneous end of metaphase and onset of anaphase, but the mechanisms signaling this event are not known. It seems reasonable to suspect that the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for passage through the metapnase/anaphase transition involve changes in the cytosolic activities of protein kinases and phosphatases as well as shifts in the cytosolic level of calcium. We have used the exquisite temporal precision in mitotic progression exhibited by stamen hair cells from the spiderwort plant Tradescantia virginiana in a temporal bioassay to assess when during prophase and metaphase regulatory cascades involving calcium, and protein kinases and phosphatases may be initiated in living cells.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Confocal microscopy of the cytoskeleton in living plant cells following microinjection of fluorescent probes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Ann Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin

Microinjection of fluorescent probes into living plant cells reveals new aspects of cell structure and function. Microtubules and actin filaments are dynamic components of the cytoskeleton and are involved in cell growth, division and intracellular transport. To date, cytoskeletal probes used in microinjection studies have included rhodamine-phalloidin for labelling actin filaments and fluorescently labelled animal tubulin for incorporation into microtubules. From a recent study of Tradescantia stamen hair cells it appears that actin may have a role in defining the plane of cell division. Unlike microtubules, actin is present in the cell cortex and delimits the division site throughout mitosis. Herein, I shall describe actin, its arrangement and putative role in cell plate placement, in another material, living cells of Tradescantia leaf epidermis.The epidermis is peeled from the abaxial surface of young leaves usually without disruption to cytoplasmic streaming or cell division. The peel is stuck to the base of a well slide using 0.1% polyethylenimine and bathed in a solution of 1% mannitol +/− 1 mM probenecid.

Scanning electron microscopy of plant cells using a variable-pressure SEM and cryogenic techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
K. Ueda ◽  
K. Kuboki ◽  
H. Matsushima ◽  
S. Joens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Use of variable Pressure SEMs is spreading among electron microscopists The variable Pressure SEM does not necessarily require specimen Preparation such as fixation, dehydration, coating, etc which have been required for conventional scanning electron microscopy. The variable Pressure SEM allows operating Pressure of 1˜270 Pa in specimen chamber It does not allow microscopy of water-containing specimens under a saturated vapor Pressure of water. Therefore, it may cause shrink or deformation of water-containing soft specimens such as plant cells due to evaporation of water. A solution to this Problem is to lower the specimen temperature and maintain saturated vapor Pressures of water at low as shown in Fig. 1 On this technique, there is a Published report of experiment to have sufficient signal to noise ratio for scondary electron imaging at a relatively long working distance using an environmental SEM. We report here a new low temperature microscopy of soft Plant cells using a variable Pressure SEM (Hitachi S-225ON).

Efficient initiation of translation at non-AUG triplets in plant cells.

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gordon ◽  
J Futterer ◽  
T Hohn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Initiation Of Translation

Enrichment of vitronectin- and fibronectin-like proteins in NaCI-adapted plant cells and evidence for their involvement in plasma membrane-cell wall adhesion

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Kang Zhu ◽  
Jun Shi ◽  
Utpal Singh ◽  
Sarah E. Wyatt ◽  
Ray A. Bressan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Membrane Cell

Introduction of foreign DNA into walled plant cells via liposomes injected into the vacuole: a preliminary study

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
W. J. Lucas ◽  
A. Lansing ◽  
J. R. de Wet ◽  
V. Walbot
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Foreign Dna
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