Essential Oils as Green Pesticides for Plant Protection In Horticulture

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-215
Author(s):  
Murray B. Isman ◽  
Rita Seffrin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Protection

scholarly journals Essential Oil Headspace Volatiles Prevent Invasive Box Tree Moth (Cydalima perspectalis) Oviposition—Insights from Electrophysiology and Behaviour

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Magdolna Olívia Szelényi ◽  
Anna Laura Erdei ◽  
Júlia Katalin Jósvai ◽  
Dalma Radványi ◽  
Bence Sümegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Oviposition Bioassay ◽  
Physiologically Active Compounds

The box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis Walker) is an invasive species in Europe causing severe damage both in natural and ornamental boxwood (Buxus spp.) vegetation. Pest management tactics are often based on the use of chemical insecticides, whereas environmentally-friendly control solutions are not available against this insect. The application of essential oils may provide effective protection against oviposition and subsequent larval damage. Oviposition deterrence of cinnamon, eucalyptus and lavender essential oils was tested on female C. perspectalis in behavioural bioassays. Our results indicate that all the studied essential oils may be adequate deterrents; however, cinnamon oil exhibited the strongest effect. To determine the physiologically active compounds in the headspace of the essential oils, gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography recordings were performed in parallel with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the volatile constituents. In addition, the release rates of various components from vial-wick dispensers were measured during the oviposition bioassay. These results may serve as a basis for the development of a practical and insecticide-free plant protection method against this invasive moth species.

scholarly journals Biological control agents of the number of Halyomorpha halys Stål

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Irina S. Agasyeva ◽  
Maria V. Nefedova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Experimental Preparation

Research aimed at studying the control of the number of pests of many agricultural crops – Halyomorpha halys Stål, was carried out during 2018-2020 on the territory of the Central zone of Krasnodar Krai. In the experiments, there were used individuals of a brown marmorated stink bug, caught by hand and using a pheromone trap at different stations (tree and shrub vegetation, soybean crops). In 2020, the dynamics of the abundance of the brown marmorated stink bug was monitored since the end of May (the time of the appearance of the first individuals of H. halys) to the third decade of October. Among the natural entomophages in Krasnodar Krai, two species of parasitic insects were found: Pediobius cassidae Erdos. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Anastatus bifasciatus Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), infecting about 5-10 % of H. halys eggs in the field, which did not significantly affect the abundance of the brown marmorated stink bug. In the laboratory, essential oils from several botanical families were tested: Umbelliferae, Compositae, Abies. Essential oils of wormwood, coriander and Siberian fir showed a toxic effect against the brown marmorated stink bug; the death of adults on the tenth day was 100, 95.0 and 93.7 %, respectively. Also, on the soybean crops of the Arleta variety, field tests were carried out to study the efficacy of bio-rational preparations Biostop, P and an experimental preparation developed at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection" (FSBSI FRCBPP). The experimental preparation of FRCBPP caused the death of 64.2 % of individuals of H. halys, Biostop, P – 70.1 %.

scholarly journals The efficacy of essential oils against Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter and Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E. S. Salmon in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Tamás Hochbaum ◽  
Marietta Petróczy ◽  
Márta Ladányi ◽  
Géza Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Abstract Though profitable crop production can be more simply achieved by using synthetic pesticides, the research of alternative plant protection solutions is necessary. The effect of the volatile oils of cinnamon, thyme, and a copper ingredient fertilizer were tested for their activity against apple scab and powdery mildew in apple orchards in 2014 and 2017. Oils applied alone or in combination were effective against apple scab in 2014 and in 2017 and against powdery mildew on leaves in 2017. The copper ingredient fertilizer product improved the efficacy of the oils. The results of these trials show that the tested volatile oils are suitable candidates for further research and for the development of organic fungicides against the diseases of apple.

scholarly journals Oregano essential oil vapour preventsPlasmopora viticolainfection in grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) by triggering autoimmune metabolic pathways

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rienth ◽  
Julien Crovadore ◽  
Sana Ghaffari ◽  
François Lefort
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe reduction of synthetic fungicides in agriculture a major challenge in maintaining sustainable production, protecting the environment and consumers’ health. Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopora viticola is the major pathogen in viticulture worldwide and responsible for up to 60% of pesticide treatments. Alternatives to reduce fungicides are thus utterly needed to ensure sustainable vineyard-ecosystems, consumer health and public acceptance. Essential oils (EOs) are amongst the most promising natural plant protection alternatives and have shown their antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties on several agricultural crops. However, the efficiency of EOs highly depends on timing, application method and the molecular interactions between the host, the pathogen and EO. Despite proven EO efficiency, the underlying processes are still not understood and remain a black box. The objectives of the present study were: a) to evaluate whether a continuous fumigation of a particular EO can control downy mildew in order to circumvent the drawbacks of direct application, b) to decipher molecular mechanisms that could be triggered in the host and the pathogen by EO application and c) to try to differentiate whether essential oils directly repress the oomycete or act as plant resistance primers.A custom-made climatic chamber was used for a continuous fumigation of potted vines with different EOs during long-term experiments. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv Chasselas was chosen in reason of its high susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. Grapevine cuttings were infected with P. viticola. and subsequently exposed to continuous fumigation of different EOs at different concentrations, during 2 application time spans (24 hours and 10 days). Experiments were stopped when infection symptoms were clearly observed on the leaves of the control plants. Plant physiology (photosynthesis and growth rate parameters) were recorded and leaves were sampled at different time points for subsequent RNA extraction and transcriptomics analysis. Strikingly, the Oregano vulgare essential oil vapour treatment during 24h post-infection proved to be sufficient to reduce downy mildew development by 95%. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of 24h and 10d treatments and used for whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq). Sequenced reads were then mapped onto the V. vinifera and P. viticola genomes. Less than 1% of reads could be mapped onto the P. viticola genome from treated samples, whereas up to 30 % reads from the controls mapped onto the P. viticola genome, thereby confirming the visual observation of P. viticola absence in the treated plants. On average, 80 % of reads could be mapped onto the V. vinifera genome for differential expression analysis, which yielded 4800 modulated genes. Transcriptomic data clearly showed that the treatment triggered the plant’s innate immune system with genes involved in salicylic, jasmonic acid and ethylene synthesis and signaling, activating Pathogenenesis-Related-proteins as well as phytoalexin synthesis.These results elucidate EO-host-pathogen interactions for the first time and indicate that the antifungal efficiency of EO is mainly due to the triggering of resistance pathways inside the host plants. This is of major importance for the production and research on biopesticides, plant stimulation products and for resistance-breeding strategiesAuthor SummaryThe reduction of synthetic plant protection products is a major concern of modern agriculture. The oomycetePlasmopora viticolawhich causes downy mildew in grapevine is amongst the most important grapevine pests and responsible for the dispersion of huge amounts of pesticides in vineyards. Among the evaluated alternatives to reduce or replace synthetic pesticides, plant volatile compounds could represent a sustainable solution. Some plant essential oils (EOs) have already shown antifungal capacities. However, their application is often difficult in terms of the right timing of treatment, degradation, bad rainfastness, mixability and phytotoxicity.The aim of the present work was to investigate whether the vapour phase, applied by a continuous fumigation of different EOs, might inhibit the development of downy mildew on grapevine, and in case of proven efficiency, to study the induced transcriptomic changes by RNA-sequencing in an attempt to elucidate the underlaying molecular interactions. Our results showed that the vapour phases ofO. vulgareandT. vulgariswere highly efficient against the pathogen. The study of differentially expressed genes indicated that the EO vapour triggered the main mechanisms of the plant’s innate immune system such as PTI (Pattern-Triggered Immunity) and ETI (Effector Triggered immunity).For the first time these results highlight the effects of EOs vapour on plant genes expression, which is very valuable information for the development of new natural plant protection products, as well as for breeding disease resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Screening of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of 90 Commercial Essential Oils against 10 Pathogens of Agronomical Importance

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Caroline De Clerck ◽  
Simon Dal Maso ◽  
Olivier Parisi ◽  
Frédéric Dresen ◽  
Abdesselam Zhiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds

Nowadays, the demand for a reduction of chemical pesticides use is growing. In parallel, the development of alternative methods to protect crops from pathogens and pests is also increasing. Essential oil (EO) properties against plant pathogens are well known, and they are recognized as having an interesting potential as alternative plant protection products. In this study, 90 commercially available essential oils have been screened in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial activity against 10 plant pathogens of agronomical importance. EOs have been tested at 500 and 1000 ppm, and measures have been made at three time points for fungi (24, 72 and 120 h of contact) and every two hours for 12 h for bacteria, using Elisa microplates. Among the EOs tested, the ones from Allium sativum, Corydothymus capitatus, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Eugenia caryophyllus, and Litsea citrata were particularly efficient and showed activity on a large panel of pathogens. Among the pathogens tested, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium graminearum were the most sensitive, while Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phytophthora infestans were the less sensitive. Some EOs, such as the ones from A. sativum, C. capitatus, C. cassia, C. zeylanicum, C. citratus, C. flexuosus, E. caryophyllus, and L. citrata, have a generalist effect, and are active on several pathogens (7 to 10). These oils are rich in phenols, phenylpropanoids, organosulfur compounds, and/or aldehydes. Others, such as EOs from Citrus sinensis, Melaleucacajputii, and Vanilla fragrans, seem more specific, and are only active on one to three pathogens. These oils are rich in terpenes and aldehydes.

scholarly journals Acaricidal, Insecticidal, and Nematicidal Efficiency of Essential Oils Isolated from the Satureja Genus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6050
Author(s):  
Asgar Ebadollahi ◽  
Jalal Jalali Sendi ◽  
Masumeh Ziaee ◽  
Patcharin Krutmuang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Main Components

The overuse of synthetic pesticides in plant protection strategies has resulted in numerous side effects, including environmental contamination, food staff residues, and a threat to non-target organisms. Several studies have been performed to assess the pesticidal effects of plant-derived essential oils and their components, as partially safe and effective agents, on economically important pests. The essential oils isolated from Satureja species are being used in medicinal, cosmetic, and food industries. Their great potential in pest management is promising, which is related to high amounts of terpenes presented in this genus. This review is focused on the acute and chronic acaricidal, insecticidal, and nematicidal effects of Satureja essential oil and their main components. The effects of eighteen Satureja species are documented, considering lethality, repellency, developmental inhibitory, and adverse effects on the feeding, life cycle, oviposition, and egg hatching. Further, the biochemical impairment, including impairments in esterases, acetylcholinesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases functions, are also considered. Finally, encapsulation and emulsification methods, based on controlled-release techniques, are suggested to overcome the low persistence and water solubility restrictions of these biopesticides. The present review offers Satureja essential oils and their major components as valuable alternatives to synthetic pesticides in the future of pest management.

scholarly journals Impact of essential oils on the development of pathogens of the Fusarium genus and germination parameters of selected crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 884-893
Author(s):  
Monika Grzanka ◽  
Łukasz Sobiech ◽  
Jakub Danielewicz ◽  
Joanna Horoszkiewicz-Janka ◽  
Grzegorz Skrzypczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Germination Parameters

Abstract Fungal pathogens can significantly reduce the potential yield of agricultural crops, especially cereals. One of the most dangerous are pathogens of the Fusarium genus. They contribute to the infestation of plants, reduction of yields, and contamination of agricultural crops with mycotoxins, which are harmful to human beings and animal health. The absence of active substances, the problem of pathogen resistance to fungicides, and the pressure of society to limit the use of chemical plant protection products are the most important issues in agriculture. This has resulted in research aimed at finding natural methods to control plant pathogens gaining importance. One of them is the use of essential oils. In laboratory experiments, clove essential oil and pine essential oil were used. The influence of different concentrations of the above-mentioned substances on the development of the mycelium of Fusarium species (F. equiseti, F. poae, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum) was analyzed and the germination of wheat and maize seeds infected with the pathogens of the genus Fusarium was assessed. Clove oil significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of the Fusarium species and reduced germination parameters than pine oil.

scholarly journals Essential Oils from Six Herbal Plants for Biocontrol of the Maize Weevil

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orapin Kerdchoechuen ◽  
Natta Laohakunjit ◽  
Sasathorn Singkornard ◽  
Frank B. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Basil Oil

Essential oils from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), holy basil (O. americanum L.), hairy basil (O. tenuiflorum L.), lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), kaffir lime (C. hystrix DC.), and clove (Eugenia caryophyllus L.) were isolated by simultaneous distillation extraction. Toxicity assays against the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) using 30 to 120 μL oil extract from the six plants on 70-mm-diameter filter paper discs resulted in 100% weevil mortality within the 5-h assay period. On rice samples, sweet basil oil extract was the most effective, resulting in 96% to 100% mortality regardless of oil extract volume on the first day during the 5-day assay period. Probit analysis showed that sweet basil oil extract applied on grains had four to five times lower LD50 (lethal dose to kill 50% of the weevils) and two to three times lower LD99 values than the remaining oil extracts. Repellency assay using 1 to 8 μL oil extract showed a different trend, because hairy basil was the most effective among treatments. Based on the effective control of the maize weevil by the oil extracted from herbal plants, such oil extracts could be useful in stored agricultural products and plant protection and reduce the risk associated with synthetic insecticides.

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