Injury Reduction and Management

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
John White
Keyword(s):  
Injury Reduction

scholarly journals Early Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Spontaneous Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Ziai ◽  
Adrian R. Parry-Jones ◽  
Carol B. Thompson ◽  
Lauren H. Sansing ◽  
Michael T. Mullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Injury Reduction ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Perihematomal Edema

We investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) expression of inflammatory cytokines and their relationship with spontaneous intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage (ICH, IVH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) volumes in patients with acute IVH. Twenty-eight adults with IVH requiring external ventricular drainage for obstructive hydrocephalus had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected for up to 10 days and had levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and C-C motif chemokine ligand CCL2 measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Median [IQR] ICH and IVH volumes at baseline (T0) were 19.8 [5.8–48.8] and 14.3 [5.3–38] mL respectively. Mean levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and CCL2 peaked early compared to day 9–10 (p < 0.05) and decreased across subsequent time periods. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CCL2 had positive correlations with IVH volume at days 3–8 whereas positive correlations with ICH volume occurred earlier at day 1–2. Significant correlations were found with PHE volume for IL-6, IL-10 and CCL2 at day 1–2 and with relative PHE at days 7–8 or 9–10 for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. Time trends of CSF cytokines support experimental data suggesting association of cerebral inflammatory responses with ICH/IVH severity. Pro-inflammatory markers are potential targets for injury reduction.

Influence of Recovery Treatments on Dicamba-injured Soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Brian R. Dintelmann ◽  
Shea T. Farrell ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Injury Reduction ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer ◽  
Similar Yield

Abstract Non-dicamba resistant soybean yield loss resulting from dicamba off-target injury has become an increasing concern for soybean growers in recent years. After off-target dicamba movement occurs onto sensitive soybean, little information is available on tactics that could be used to mitigate the cosmetic or yield losses that may occur. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019 to determine if certain recovery treatments of fungicide, plant growth hormone, macro- and micronutrient fertilizer combinations, or weekly irrigation could reduce dicamba injury and/or result in similar yield to soybean that was not injured with dicamba. Simulated drift events of dicamba (5.6 g ae ha−1) were applied to non-dicamba resistant soybean once they reached the V3 or R2 stages of growth. Recovery treatments were applied approximately 14 d after the simulated drift event. Weekly irrigation was the only recovery treatment that provided appreciable levels of injury reduction or increases in soybean height or yield compared to the dicamba-injured plants. Weekly irrigation following the R2 dicamba injury event resulted in an 1% to 14% increase in soybean yield compared to the dicamba-injured control. All other recovery treatments resulted in soybean yields similar to the dicamba-injured control, and similar to or lower than the non-treated control. Results from this study indicate that if soybean have become injured with dicamba, weekly irrigation will help soybean recover some of the yield loss and reduce injury symptoms that resulted from off-target dicamba movement, especially in a year with below average precipitation. However, yield loss will likely not be restored to that of non-injured soybean.

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