Flow Measurement Systems (Using Complex Methods)

Author(s):  
Horia Mihai Moţit
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Abdullah Al-Bouri ◽  
Nobuyuki Samizo ◽  
Zaki Bakhteyar Husain ◽  
A. Alvi

Author(s):  
A. Ollero ◽  
J.H. García ◽  
A. Ibisate ◽  
M. Sánchez-Fabre

The floods of 2015 and 2018 in the Middle Ebro River have led to a rethinking and updating of the forecasting and management systems. The improvements in the flow measurement systems applied in this type of extreme phenomena have led to questioning the values that were recorded in the past, officially changing the maximum flow rates of some historical floods. This has called for the need to update the knowledge/information of those recorded in the middle Ebro River, for example changing the return periods and making previous scientific studies obsolete. Updated data are applied, trying to re-characterize the floods of Ebro River since 1950, date in which the beginning of the “Anthropocene” is evident in the river management of the mainstream and its basin. At the same time, in the proposed risk management plans compliant with 2007/60/EC Directive, the structural measures are being replaced by more respectful and better adapted prevention systems for the river. The two processes interact and are essential for educating the population on risk, adopting preventive measures that are sustainable and consistent with the authentic (corrected) characteristics of the river and its floods. Thus, scientific knowledge has been consolidated as a tool to display corrected data, or, the river’s updated reality, and also to make the affected inhabitants aware of the need to follow new management protocols, focused on river resilience and social strategies.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Joao Antonio Santos Dias Fonseca ◽  
Antonio Baptista ◽  
Ma Joao Martins ◽  
Joao Paulo N. Torres

Optical measuring systems came to offer new ways to determine distances, deformations or vibrations through more accurate and greater range methods. Technological progress has allowed a significant improvement of several components, including the optical ones. Thus, the development of essential measurement methods is crucial to keep up with technological advances.In this paper, the three basic methods of measurement are studied – triangulation, telemetry and interferometry, covering their main applications, advantages and disadvantages, and theoretically substantiating each of the methods. The results of simulation routines for each method are shown along this work. For the triangulation method we made two experiments which demonstrate the functioning of the method in measuring distances and surfaces.For the telemetry method, experimental setups were studied to apply the method of pulse telemetry and phase comparison telemetry to measure distances,Thus, it is intended to set up the basis for the future development of more complex methods.


2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Abdullah Al-Bouri ◽  
Nobuyuki Samizo ◽  
Zaki Bakhteyar Husain ◽  
A. Alvi

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Grzelak ◽  
Marcin Kowalski ◽  
Jarosław Czoków ◽  
Marek Zieliński

Abstract The designing process of high resolution time interval measurement systems creates many problems that need to be eliminated. The problems are: the latch error, the nonlinearity conversion, the different duty cycle coefficient of the clock signal, and the clock signal jitter. Factors listed above affect the result of measurement. The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) structure also imposes some restrictions, especially when a tapped delay line is constructed. The article describes the high resolution time-to-digital converter, implemented in a FPGA structure, and the types of errors that appear there. The method of minimization and processing of data to reduce the influence of errors on the measurement is also described.


Author(s):  
Heribert Kammerstetter ◽  
Josef Moik ◽  
Michael Sammer ◽  
Manuel Berglez ◽  
Daniel Leitner

Author(s):  
Chun-Min Su ◽  
Ting-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Cheng-Tsair Yang

In view of the increasing need of microflow measurement and calibration, this paper presents a liquid flow measurement device to verify the performance of microflow sensors and pumps. The measurement principle of the air piston calibrator was based on the volumetric, time-of-flight approach. The device consisted of a micro-fabricated flow channel mounted on a base chip deployed with electrodes. A gas-liquid interface was introduced in the microchannel and moved along with the liquid flow. Upon passing by the electrodes, the interface brought about resistance variations due to the different permittivity of the gas and liquid. The time period between a pair of signal detected by the electrodes and the corresponding channel volume were then used to determine the flow rate. By the combination of different sized microchannels, a capability of measuring flow rates from 10 nL/min to 1 mL/min was demonstrated. The detection electrodes were optimized prior to their fabrication by numerical simulation. To provide a desired traceability, the volume in the channel between electrode nodes was corrected by the standard flow rate delivered by the calibrated syringe pump. Results showed that, for flow rates from 0.1 μ L/min to 1 mL/min, the mean absolute relative error and standard deviation of relative error of the measurements were lower than 1.1% and 4%, respectively.


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