B-vitamins in Relation to Sustainable Crop Productivity in Crop Plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-165
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
B Vitamins

scholarly journals Seed Priming: A Feasible Strategy to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishvanathan Marthandan ◽  
Rathnavel Geetha ◽  
Karunanandham Kumutha ◽  
Vellaichamy Gandhimeyyan Renganathan ◽  
Adhimoolam Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Farming Community

Drought is a serious threat to the farming community, biasing the crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Drought adversely affects seed germination, plant growth, and development via non-normal physiological processes. Plants generally acclimatize to drought stress through various tolerance mechanisms, but the changes in global climate and modern agricultural systems have further worsened the crop productivity. In order to increase the production and productivity, several strategies such as the breeding of tolerant varieties and exogenous application of growth regulators, osmoprotectants, and plant mineral nutrients are followed to mitigate the effects of drought stress. Nevertheless, the complex nature of drought stress makes these strategies ineffective in benefiting the farming community. Seed priming is an alternative, low-cost, and feasible technique, which can improve drought stress tolerance through enhanced and advanced seed germination. Primed seeds can retain the memory of previous stress and enable protection against oxidative stress through earlier activation of the cellular defense mechanism, reduced imbibition time, upsurge of germination promoters, and osmotic regulation. However, a better understanding of the metabolic events during the priming treatment is needed to use this technology in a more efficient way. Interestingly, the review highlights the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of seed priming for enhancing the drought tolerance in crop plants. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with various priming methods are also addressed side-by-side to enable the use of this simple and cost-efficient technique in a more efficient manner.

scholarly journals Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Mediate Growth Regulation and Physiology of Crop Plants under Drought Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Nadiyah M. Alabdallah ◽  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Inès Hammami ◽  
Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi ◽  
Dikhnah Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are regarded as critical tools for overcoming ongoing and prospective crop productivity challenges. MONPs with distinct physiochemical characteristics boost crop production and resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought. They have recently been used to improve plant growth, physiology, and yield of a variety of crops grown in drought-stressed settings. Additionally, they mitigate drought-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the aggregation of osmolytes, which results in enhanced osmotic adaptation and crop water balance. These roles of MONPs are based on their physicochemical and biological features, foliar application method, and the applied MONPs concentrations. In this review, we focused on three important metal oxide nanoparticles that are widely used in agriculture: titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe3O4). The impacts of various MONPs forms, features, and dosages on plant growth and development under drought stress are summarized and discussed. Overall, this review will contribute to our present understanding of MONPs’ effects on plants in alleviating drought stress in crop plants.

Genetic Improvement in Different Crop Plants using Induced Mutagenesis with Special Reference to Pulses and Cereals: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz Khursheed ◽  
Samiullah khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Current world scenario of hunger and malnutrition problem is posing a great threat to the human civilization. Millions of people are undernourished globally according to the reports of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2015). Pulses and cereals have been used for their high percentage of proteins and carbohydrates in seeds. Pulse crops also have the ability to enrich the soil fertility due to their nitrogen fixing ability of their root nodules. Further, it is not only the high protein content of pulses for which they are important, but the amino acid profile of these proteins is such that the mixed diet of cereals and pulses has superior biological value than either of the components alone. However, with increase in population, per capita availability of pulses is getting reduced. As against recommended daily requirement of 50-60 grams, current per capita availability of pulses in India is less than 30 grams per day. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses and depends mostly on pulses and cereals for their food. Urbanization and drastic climatic changes like drought, global warming, different environmental stresses etc. have led to considerable loss of crop productivity throughout the world leading to food insecurity. Scientists all over the world are using sophisticated approaches in developing improved varieties of crop plants that are high yielding and show considerable resistance to drastic environmental changes. Physical and chemical mutagenesis has been proved to be a convenient tool compared to other conventional processes in inducing desirable variability in crop plants related to yield and other components. In the light of above all, it is necessary for a scientist to study in detail the all aspects of different approaches that are used to increase the yield and productivity in different crop plants. The current review covers all aspects of study during the different approaches of physical and chemical mutagenesis for increasing food security and developing high yielding and stress resistant plants.

scholarly journals Genetic approaches of increasing nutrient use efficiency especially nitrogen in cereal crops – A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nutrient use efficiency determines precisely a certain amount of plant yield in terms of grains or biomass per unit of applied nutrients. Crop plants contain many more elements but for their growth and development basically they require almost sixteen mineral nutrients, among which N, P, K are used in large amount and N covers manifold function for contribution of the yield attributes. In deficiency of any micro- or macro-nutrient and due to few environmental factors plant growth along with its yield are affected adversely. In addition to physiological and breeding strategies genetic progress and implications have characterized this area to some extent. As nutrient efficiency is expressed in several ways, this phenomenon is taken in a wrong sense among the concerned persons and thus, there should be a balance between optimum nutrient use efficiency and optimum crop productivity based on the selected phenotypic characters of crop plants. Nutrient use efficiency is said to be a complex trait. Even its different stages of action are also considered complicated in nature. In such case a single gene can provide huge benefit. This is why modern genetic tools and resources available to the scientists have provided a great possibility for increasing nutrient use efficiency in crop plants. Molecular biology offers possibility for improving the desired characters by introduction of the specific gene(s). Augmentation of nutrient content of crop plants is being caused through genetic engineering. This article makes review and discussion on the genetic approaches in terms of exploited genetic engineering and biotechnological tools for increasing the specific nutrients especially nitrogen in cereal crops.J. bio-sci. 22: 111-125, 2014

scholarly journals Excessive and Disproportionate Use of Chemicals Cause Soil Contamination and Nutritional Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Bisht ◽  
Puneet Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Effective Use

Incredible achievements have been made in agricultural production worldwide, but many daunting challenges remain unresolved to ensure food security and environmental sustainability. Chemical fertilisers are used in excessive and disproportionate quantities to raise crop yields in order to combat certain circumstances. However, apart from being processed in crop plants, chemical fertilisers above the threshold level pollute the atmosphere. As the availability of nutrients becomes a constraint of plant growth and production, sustained crop productivity relies on constant renewal. To increase agriculture production and maintain soil fertility, the application of chemical fertilisers is indispensable. However, insufficient or unnecessary application of fertiliser does not guarantee consistently growing yields, which can result in low efficiency of nutrient usage. Today, the key goals are the study of the effective use of chemicals, the reduction of production costs and the efficient use of fertilisation.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants: From Lab to Field Applications

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Gokhan Hacisalihoglu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
World Population ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Global Food

Global food security and sustainability in the time of pandemics (COVID-19) and a growing world population are important challenges that will require optimized crop productivity under the anticipated effects of climate change [...]

scholarly journals Heat Stress and its Impact on Plant Function: An Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Heat Response ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Shock Proteins

An astonishing increase in temperature is posing several harmful impacts on crop plants. Heat stress is an abiotic environmental phenomenon that causes limits, inhibits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity worldwide, resulting in losses in production yields. Heat stress is caused by human activities and global warming,s such as greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapour. There are many pieces of evidence to support that heat stress reduces the crop plants yield worldwide, and the effects of heat stress are challenging to meet nutritional security and global food security for human beings. Heat stress has negative impacts on each developmental stage, including from germination to harvesting. Prevalent approaches for heat adaption is inadequate management that is unable either to increase the crop productivity or sustain ld. Several responses to dissect the relevant knowledge about heat stress mechanism involving morphological phenomena, physiological phenomena, reproductive replies, and molecular responses such as heat shock proteins act as mRNA synthesis, mRNA control (effects of genes during heat stress), the translation process, heat response element. There are such phenomena involving disseminating the knowledge concerning heat stress. In this review, we summarise the effect of heat stress on plant mechanisms, including morphological, biochemical and molecular responses.

scholarly journals Stresses in Plants: Biotic and Abiotic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Bolaji Umar ◽  
Lawal Amudalat Ranti ◽  
Abdulbaki Shehu Abdulbaki ◽  
Abdulra’uf Lukman Bola ◽  
Abdulkareem Khadijat Abdulhamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

Plants are subjected to a variety of environmental stresses, which reduces and limits agricultural crop productivity. Environmental stresses that affect plants are of two types: biotic and abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress includes temperature, ultraviolet radiation, salinity, floods, drought, heavy metals, etc., which results in the loss of important crop plants globally, while biotic stress refers to damage caused by insects, herbivores, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, or weeds. Plants respond to all these environmental factors because the pants are fixed in a particular place. To cope with these stresses, a number of strategies have been developed by plants. They detect that the environmental stresses become activated and then generate the necessary cellular responses. Several investigations have been carried out to determine and understand plant assimilates partitioning and stress-tolerance plant genotype necessary for the understanding of the complexity of the response of a plant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

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