Hydrothermal Mineralization

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Elena Barbera ◽  
Sandeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Mineralization

Magmatic-Hydrothermal Mineralization Processes at the Yidong Tin Deposit, South China: Insights from In Situ Chemical and Boron Isotope Changes of Tourmaline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He-Dong Zhao ◽  
Kui-Dong Zhao ◽  
Martin R. Palmer ◽  
Shao-Yong Jiang ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Boron Isotope ◽  
Granitic Magma ◽  
Gangue Mineral ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineralization ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Tin Deposit

Abstract Owing to the superimposition of water-rock interaction and external fluids, magmatic source signatures of ore-forming fluids for vein-type tin deposits are commonly overprinted. Hence, there is uncertainty regarding the involvement of magmatic fluids in mineralization processes within these deposits. Tourmaline is a common gangue mineral in Sn deposits and can crystallize from both the magmas and the hydrothermal fluids. We have therefore undertaken an in situ major, trace element, and B isotope study of tourmaline from the Yidong Sn deposit in South China to study the transition from late magmatic to hydrothermal mineralization. Six tourmaline types were identified: (1) early tourmaline (Tur-OE) and (2) late tourmaline (Tur-OL) in tourmaline-quartz orbicules from the Pingying granite, (3) early tourmaline (Tur-DE) and (4) late tourmaline (Tur-DL) in tourmaline-quartz dikelets in the granite, and (5 and 6) core (Tur-OC) and rim (Tur-OR), respectively of hydrothermal tourmaline from the Sn ores. Most of the tourmaline types belong to the alkali group and the schorl-dravite solid-solution series, but the different generations of magmatic and hydrothermal tourmaline are geochemically distinct. Key differences include the hundredfold enrichment of Sn in hydrothermal tourmaline compared to magmatic tourmaline, which indicates that hydrothermal fluids exsolving from the magma were highly enriched in Sn. Tourmaline from the Sn ores is enriched in Fe3+ compared to the hydrothermal tourmaline from the granite and displays trends of decreasing Al and increasing Fe content from core to rim, relating to the exchange vector Fe3+Al–1. This reflects oxidation of fluids during the interaction between hydrothermal fluids and the mafic-ultramafic wall rocks, which led to precipitation of cassiterite. The hydrothermal tourmaline has slightly higher δ11B values than the magmatic tourmaline (which reflects the metasedimentary source for the granite), but overall, the tourmaline from the ores has δ11B values similar to those from the granite, implying a magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids. We identify five stages in the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the system that led to formation of the Sn ores in the Yidong deposit based on chemical and boron isotope changes of tourmaline: (1) emplacement of a B-rich, S-type granitic magma, (2) separation of an immiscible B-rich melt, (3) exsolution of an Sn-rich, reduced hydrothermal fluid, (4) migration of fluid into the country rocks, and (5) acid-consuming reactions with the surrounding mafic-ultramafic rocks and oxidation of the fluid, leading to cassiterite precipitation.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of Sarmatian volcanic rocks in the Tokaj Mts (NE Hungary) and their relationship to hydrothermal mineralization

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Kiss ◽  
Katalin Gméling ◽  
Ferenc Molnár ◽  
Zoltán Pécskay
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineralization

Precipitation recovery of boron from wastewater by hydrothermal mineralization

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2543-2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
T ITAKURA ◽  
R SASAI ◽  
H ITOH
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Mineralization

Hydrothermal Mineralization in the Red Sea

2017 ◽  
pp. 369-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Scholten ◽  
P. Staffers ◽  
D. Garbe-Schdnberg ◽  
M. Moammar
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineralization

Retrograde reactions involving galena and Ag-sulphosalts in a zoned ore deposit, Julcani, Peru

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Sack ◽  
P. C. Goodell
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineralization ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Mineral Compositions

Abstract The sulphide ores from the Julcani mining district (Peru) display many retrograde reactions that may be attributed to solid-state processes accompanying cooling. Fahlores [˜(Cu,Ag)10(Zn,Fe)2(Sb,As)4S13] from the Herminia mine exhibit pronounced downstream enrichments in molar Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratios that are strongly correlated with the abundance of PbS-AgSbS2-AgBiS2 phases. These correlations, discontinuous core to rim Sb/(Sb+As) enrichments in bournonites, and prominent reaction textures involving fahlores, bournonites and galenas provide strong evidence that the fahlores in these ores have been enriched in Ag by the Ag–Cu exchange reaction which occurred during cooling following mineralization of a PbS-AgSbS2-AgBiS2 galena and has been documented elsewhere. Secondary PbS-AgSbS2-AgBiS2 minerals aramayoite, bismuthian diaphorite [Pb2Ag3(Bi,Sb)3S8], and diaphorite were produced from primary galenas with cooling of ores with high Pb/Cu and Bi/Sb; pyrargyrite formed from the breakdown of the Ag10Zn2Sb4S13 component in the most Ag-rich fahlores, as an exsolution product of galena, and from replacement of aramayoite and galena with the evolution of semimetal sulphides. Based on mineral compositions, phase equilibria, a thermochemical database for sulphides and sulphosalts, and the reintegrated composition for primary grains of Ag-rich PbS-AgSbS2-AgBiS2 phases, we estimate that the primary temperature of hydrothermal mineralization was >320±10°C, that these reactions ceased to affect fahlore Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratios and Bi/(Bi+Sb) ratios of aramayoite and miargyrite after cooling through 220±10°C. Galenas, however, appear to have continued to adjust their compositions to reflect even lower temperatures by continued exsolution of semimetals and production a diverse suite of sulphosalts that occur in fine intergrowths with galena.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and chemical features of gangue phases in relation to hydrothermal mineralization and their host rocks

2005 ◽  
pp. 1057-1060
Author(s):  
F. Javier Carrillo Rosúa ◽  
Salvador Morales Ruano ◽  
Purificación Fenoll Hach-Ali ◽  
Diego Morata Céspedes ◽  
Mauricio Belmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Mineralization ◽  
Host Rocks

Mineral Associations of Veins with Quartz of the "Diamonds оf Donbass" Type in the Seleznevsky Coal-Bearing District (Folded Donbass)

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Oleg S. Krisak ◽  
Yuri V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineralization ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Mineral Associations

The authors have established quartz and quartz-carbonate veins, the formation of which is associated with a low-temperature hydrothermal system of methane-water composition within the Seleznevsky coal-bearing region of the Folded Donbass. The article considers the features of localization of hydrothermal mineralization containing quartz with inclusions of hydrocarbons, and its potential ore content. It is established that the vein bodies are localized mainly in the near-hinge parts of the third-order brachianticlines in the central and marginal parts of the Seleznevskaya syncline. These veins form systems associated with the fracturing of the inter-layer stratification or intersecting the layers. Interplastic veins are subdivided into plate-like massive and vein-like bodies with a druze texture. The veins of the second type contain quartz crystals with hydrocarbon inclusions, referred to as "diamonds of Donbass". They form a paragenetic association with dickite. In addition, calcite in the form of short-prismatic crystals is a typical associated mineral in the vein bodies among limestone strata. In the veins among the sandstone layers, the association with goethite, oxides and hydroxides of manganese is developed. Two morphological types of cinnabar were found in the vein bodies on the basis of HMS sampling, the largest number is confined to the brachianticlines of the marginal parts of the Seleznevskaya syncline. The analysis of the results indicates the prospects for identifying mercury mineralization with quartz-dickite-cinnabar type of mineralization.

scholarly journals Comparing orthomagmatic and hydrothermal mineralization models for komatiite-hosted nickel deposits in Zimbabwe using multiple-sulfur, iron, and nickel isotope data

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Hofmann ◽  
Andrey Bekker ◽  
Paul Dirks ◽  
Bleuenn Gueguen ◽  
Doug Rumble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Isotope ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineralization ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Nickel Deposits
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