Toxicity of Heavy Metal and Its Mitigation Strategies Through Application of Nutrients, Hormones, and Metabolites

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Rachana Singh ◽  
Parul Parihar ◽  
Anita Singh ◽  
Sheo Mohan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Mitigation Strategies

scholarly journals A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farheen Nazli ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Moazzam Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

Water scarcity and high input costs have compelled farmers to use untreated wastewater and industrial effluents to increase profitability of their farms. Normally, these effluents improve crop productivity by serving as carbon source for microbes, providing nutrients to plants and microbes, and improving soil physicochemical and biological properties. They, however, may also contain significant concentrations of potential heavy metals, the main inorganic pollutants affecting plant systems, in addition to soil deterioration. The continuous use of untreated industrial wastes and agrochemicals may lead to accumulation of phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils. Phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils has been reported in Pakistan along the road sides and around metropolitan areas, which may cause its higher accumulation in edible plant parts. A number of bacterial that can induce heavy metal tolerance in plants due to their ability to produce phytohormones strains have been reported. Inoculation of crop plants with these microbes can help to improve their growth and productivity under normal, as well as stressed, conditions. This review reports the recent developments in heavy metal pollution as one of the major inorganic sources, the response of plants to these contaminants, and heavy metal stress mitigation strategies. We have also summarized the exogenous application of phytohormones and, more importantly, the use of phytohormone-producing, heavy metal-tolerant rhizobacteria as one of the recent tools to deal with heavy metal contamination and improvement in productivity of agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice and Aquatic Plants Used as Human Food: A General Review

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Mohammad Main Uddin ◽  
Mohamed Cassim Mohamed Zakeel ◽  
Junaida Shezmin Zavahir ◽  
Faiz M. M. T. Marikar ◽  
Israt Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Aquatic Environments

Aquatic ecosystems are contaminated with heavy metals by natural and anthropogenic sources. Whilst some heavy metals are necessary for plants as micronutrients, others can be toxic to plants and humans even in trace concentrations. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) cause significant damage to aquatic ecosystems and can invariably affect human health. Rice, a staple diet of many nations, and other aquatic plants used as vegetables in many countries, can bioaccumulate heavy metals when they grow in contaminated aquatic environments. These metals can enter the human body through food chains, and the presence of heavy metals in food can lead to numerous human health consequences. Heavy metals in aquatic plants can affect plant physicochemical functions, growth, and crop yield. Various mitigation strategies are being continuously explored to avoid heavy metals entering aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the levels of heavy metals in rice and aquatic plants grown for food in contaminated aquatic environments is important. Further, it is imperative to adopt sustainable management approaches and mitigation mechanisms. Although narrowly focused reviews exist, this article provides novel information for improving our understanding about heavy metal accumulation in rice and aquatic plants, addressing the gaps in literature.

scholarly journals LEAD UPTAKE, TOXICITY AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES IN PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaliya Ashraf ◽  
Savita Bhardwaj ◽  
Hammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Yendrembam K. Devi ◽  
Dhriti Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Lead Uptake

The issues of heavy metal adulteration are becoming common in world. Heavy metal toxicity cases are prevailing in mining industries, smelters, power plants based on coal burning, agriculture, etc. There are several heavy metals, such as Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg, Ar, etc. These heavy metals are major pollutants of environment, particularly in areas with increasing anthropogenic activities. The cumulation of heavy metal in soils is of great concern in agriculture because of the deleterious effects on food safety, crop growth and soil organisms’ health. Heavy metals affect several physiological and biochemical processes in plants. They diminish crop yield by bringing toxic effects to several physiological processes in plants such as, seed chlorophyll reduced by the production of reactive oxygen species, affecting the redox balance and instigating oxidative stress. Lead (Pb) is one of the looming heavy metal which is neither essential nor plays any part in the course of cell metabolism. Pb has toxic effects on plant which may include inhibition of photosynthesis, disruption of mineral nutrition and water balance, and disturbs membrane structure and permeability. Its phytotoxicity can also affect human health and can prove detrimental through food chain. However, in order to combat the effects generated by heavy metal stress particularly by Pb, several amelioratives can be used. Pb phytotoxicity can be ameliorated by the application of certain phytohormones which can be a part of signal transduction pathway, or they may trigger reactions and causative agents to respond to stress. Various signaling molecules such as NO, H2 S, CO, etc. enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, level of secondary metabolites and osmolytes, hence scavenge the oxidative stress due to generation of free radicals in response to heavy metal stress

Insights into decontamination of soils by phytoremediation: a detailed account on heavy metal toxicity and mitigation strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Kumar Rai ◽  
Basharat Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Muntazir Mushtaq ◽  
Lubna Tariq ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Detailed Account

Complementary Z-Contrast Imaging and Digital Image Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
K. N. Colonna ◽  
G. Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Z Contrast

Harmonious use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing as an analytical imaging tool was developed and demonstrated in studying the elemental constitution of human and maturing rabbit spermatozoa. Due to its analog origin (Fig. 1), the Z-contrast image offers information unique to the science of biological imaging. Despite the information and distinct advantages it offers, the potential of Z-contrast imaging is extremely limited without the application of techniques of digital image processing. For the first time in biological imaging, this study demonstrates the tremendous potential involved in the complementary use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing.Imaging in the Z-contrast mode is powerful for three distinct reasons, the first of which involves tissue preparation. It affords biologists the opportunity to visualize biological tissue without the use of heavy metal fixatives and stains. For years biologists have used heavy metal components to compensate for the limited electron scattering properties of biological tissue.

Recent Progress In High-Resolution Shadowing For Biological Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Gross ◽  
Katarina Krusche ◽  
Peter Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Equipment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Backing Layer

Freeze-drying followed by heavy metal shadowing is a long established and straight forward approach to routinely study the structure of dehydrated macromolecules. Very thin specimens such as isolated membranes or single macromolecules are directly adsorbed on C-coated grids. After rapid freezing the grids are transferred into a suitable vacuum equipment for freeze-drying and heavy metal shadowing.To improve the resolution power of shadowing films we introduced shadowing at very low specimen temperature (−250°C). To routinely do that without the danger of contamination we developed in collaboration with Balzers an UHV (p≤10-9 mbar) machine (BAF500K, Fig.2). It should be mentioned here that at −250°C the specimen surface acts as effective cryopump for practically all impinging residual gas molecules from the residual gas atmosphere.Common high resolution shadowing films (Pt/C, Ta/W) have to be protected from alterations due to air contact by a relatively thick C-backing layer, when transferred via atmospheric conditions into the TEM. Such an additional C-coat contributes disturbingly to the contrast at high resolution.

Heavy Metal Tales

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
WILLIAM G. WILKOFF
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal
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