New challenges for user privacy in cyberspace

Securing MQTT by Blockchain-Based OTP Authentication

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20072002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 2002

Author(s):

Francesco Buccafurri ◽

Vincenzo De Angelis ◽

Roberto Nardone

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Smart Devices ◽

The Internet ◽

Security Measures ◽

User Privacy ◽

New Challenges ◽

One Time Password ◽

Secure Authentication ◽

The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things is constantly capturing interest from modern applications, changing our everyday life and empowering industrial applications. Interaction and the collaboration among smart devices offer new challenges to security since they conflict with economic and energy consumption requirement constraints. On the other hand, the lack of security measures could negatively impact the concrete adoption of this paradigm. This paper focuses on the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, widely adopted in the Internet of Things. This protocol does not implement natively secure authentication mechanisms, which are demanded to developers. Hence, this paper proposes a novel OTP (one-time password)-authentication schema for MQTT, which uses the Ethereum blockchain to implement a second-factor out-of-band channel. The proposal enables the authentication of both local and remote devices preserving user privacy and guaranteeing trust and accountability via Ethereum smart contracts.

Download Full-text

New challenges to image processing posed by cryo-Electron microscopy of single particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100086416 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 422-423

Author(s):

Joachim Frank

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Particle Orientation ◽

Single Particles ◽

Contrast Transfer Function ◽

Virtual Absence ◽

Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽

Spatial Frequencies ◽

New Challenges ◽

Particle Images

Compared with images of negatively stained single particle specimens, those obtained by cryo-electron microscopy have the following new features: (a) higher “signal” variability due to a higher variability of particle orientation; (b) reduced signal/noise ratio (S/N); (c) virtual absence of low-spatial-frequency information related to elastic scattering, due to the properties of the phase contrast transfer function (PCTF); and (d) reduced resolution due to the efforts of the microscopist to boost the PCTF at low spatial frequencies, in his attempt to obtain recognizable particle images.

Download Full-text