Mercury Exposure, Fish Consumption and Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
H.C. Vieira ◽  
A.M.V.M. Soares ◽  
F. Morgado ◽  
S.N. Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake

scholarly journals Fish consumption is a safe solution to increase the intake of long-chainn-3 fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Sioen ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Wim Verbeke ◽  
Frederik Verdonck ◽  
Jan L Willems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Fatty Fish ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Toxicological Risk ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractObjectivesDietary intake of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA in developed countries is low compared with recommendations. Fish is naturally rich in LCn-3 PUFA, but is also a dietary source of heavy metals and organic pollutants. We investigated whether the recommendation for LCn-3 PUFA could be reached through fish consumption, without exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intake of methylmercury (MeHg) and the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of dioxin-like compounds. Also, the contribution of margarines enriched with LCn-3 PUFA was assessed.DesignPublished nutrient and contaminant data were used in a probabilistic model to calculate the simultaneous nutrient and contaminant intake for different fish consumption scenarios.ResultsThe Belgian recommendation for EPA + DHA (0·3 % of total energy intake) can be reached by consuming fatty fish a minimum of twice a week, or by varying between lean and fatty fish a minimum of three times a week. At this fish consumption level, MeHg intake is not an issue of toxicological concern. The intake of dioxin-like compounds approximates the TWI when consuming fatty fish more than twice a week, this being a potential toxicological risk because other food items also contribute to the weekly intake of dioxin-like compounds. Use of margarine enriched with LCn-3 PUFA can help to increase LCn-3 intake, on average by 159 mg/d.ConclusionsCombination of regular fish consumption (twice a week) with important contribution of fatty fish species, in combination with regular consumption of margarine enriched with EPA + DHA, can be advised to achieve the recommendation for LCn-3 intake.

Elevation of Mercury in Human Blood from Controlled Chronic Ingestion of Methylmercury in Fish

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sherlock ◽  
J. Hislop ◽  
D. Newton ◽  
G. Topping ◽  
K. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Mercury ◽  
Chronic Ingestion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mercury In Blood ◽  
Blood Mercury Concentration

1 The relationship between the intake of methylmercury in fish and mercury in blood has been investigated in man. 2 The intakes of methylmercury were carefully controlled and lay in the range 40 - 230 μg/day, the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake is equivalent to about 30 μg/day. 3 The results indicate that a daily intake of 1 μg methylmercury would, at equilibrium, produce a blood mercury concentration of 0.8 μg/kg. 4 There is a good close-to-linear correlation between methylmercury intake and blood mercury concentrations within the wide range of intakes employed.

scholarly journals Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2587-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soisungwan Satarug ◽  
Scott H. Garrett ◽  
Mary Ann Sens ◽  
Donald A. Sens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Calcium Iron

We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to cadmium in food. Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of persons with elevated dietary exposure, and the findings have been strengthened by the substantial amounts of cadmium accumulated in kidneys, eyes, and other tissues and organs of environmentally exposed individuals. We hypothesized that such accumulation results from the efficient absorption and systemic transport of cadmium, employing multiple transporters that are used for the body's acquisition of calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese. Adverse effects of cadmium on kidney and bone have been observed in environmentally exposed populations at frequencies higher than those predicted from models of exposure. Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Metals in Tissues of Cockle Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) from East Java Coast, Indonesia, and Potential Risks to Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agoes Soegianto ◽  
Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto ◽  
Wahyuhani Lutfi ◽  
Firdha Nur Almirani ◽  
Arfian Rahmat Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Anadara Granosa

This study reports the presence of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, and Cr in the cockles (Anadara granosa, Linnaeus, 1758) harvested along the East Java Coast, Indonesia. The concentrations of metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer and expressed in mg kg-1 wet weight. The concentrations of metals ranged from 0.11 to 0.82 mg kg−1 for Cd, 0.10 to 0.54 mg kg−1 for Pb, 10.22 to 19.04 mg kg−1 for Zn, 0.02 to 1.47 mg kg−1 for Hg, 1.79 to 4.76 mg kg−1 for Cu, and 1.64 to 3.79 mg kg−1 for Cr. The metal concentrations in the whole tissues of cockles were in the order Zn>Cu>Cr>Hg>Cd>Pb. The Cd and Pb levels in cockles were found to be higher than the permissible limit for human consumption according to EC and FAO; the levels of Hg exceeded the EC, Hong Kong, Australia, and Indonesia standards; and the levels of Cr exceeded the Hong Kong standard. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of cockles indicates that the concentrations of Cd and Hg in the cockle tissues from Gresik were higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI); meanwhile, the concentrations of Cr of cockles from all locations were higher than and close to the PTWI. The THQ values for Cd at Gresik, for Hg at Gresik, Surabaya, and Pasuruan, and for Cr at all locations were higher than one indicating that these metals pose potential noncarcinogenic effects to consumers. Reducing the consumption of cockles should be done in order to minimize the adverse effects of metals especially Cd, Hg, and Cr to human health.

scholarly journals Six Years Monitoring of the Promising Low Grain-Cd Accumulating Rice, RD15 Cultivar Grown on Cd-contaminated Paddy Soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Anongnat Sriprachote ◽  
Pornthiwa Kanyawongha ◽  
Nutcharee Boonplang ◽  
Naree Phanchindawan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Level ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Rice Consumption

The experiment was conducted on the Cd-contaminated paddy field, two of Thai rice cultivars, the prevailing KDML105 and RD15 were included together with determining grain-Cd accumulation. The results had revealed that the RD15 contained Cd in grains not only lower than KDML105 but also lower than the critical level as proposed by Codex (0.4 mg kg-1 polished rice). Thus, the RD15 was selected as the promising low grain-Cd accumulating rice cultivar, and farmers were encouraged to grow this cultivar. The grains of prevailing and promising rice cultivars were annually collected for Cd analysis. After six-years monitoring, the results revealed that the average concentration of Cd in KDML105 was 0.658 mg kg-1, which exceeded the critical level. On the other hand, the average concentration observed in RD15 (0.127 mg kg-1) was lower than the critical level. The human dietary intake of Cd through rice consumption was calculated, comparing to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) as adopted by FAO/WHO (7 ug Cd kg-1 BW per week), the PTWI of KDML105 was far exceeded the critical level. Contrary, the RD15 had the PTWI lower than the critical level. Present results indicated that, by cultivating RD15 the promising low-grain Cd cultivar, Cd intake together with health risk of human could be reduced.

scholarly journals Uptake of Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, and Zinc in Mushrooms (Boletaceae) from Croatian Forest Soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1964-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Blanuša ◽  
Antun Kučak ◽  
Veda-Marija Varnai ◽  
Marijana Matek Sarić
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The concentration of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was measured in different species of mushrooms (Boletaceae) and correlated with corresponding elements in soil. Five different species of Boletaceae mushrooms and soil samples were collected from forests of Varaždin county in Croatia. Trace elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry in mushrooms and in EDTA-extracted soil. The results showed that Cd, Cu, and Zn are concentrated in mushroom tissue from soil with transfer factors (mushroom/soil) of 27.0, 10.5, and 12.5, respectively. Cadmium incorporated much less in Leccinum (mean 0.73 mg/kg dry weight) than in Boletus, Xerocomus, or Gyroporus (respective means, 6.8, 8.4, and 12.3 mg/kg). Copper and Zn were accumulated in all collected mushrooms (14.7–35.6 and 109–179 mg/kg, respectively) with no difference among species. There was no accumulation of Fe and Mn in mushrooms, but concentrations differed between species, with lowest values in Leccinum. Iron varied from 31 to 878 mg/kg and Mn from 2.9 to 409 mg/kg. Correlations between elements in mushrooms and soil were significant only for Mn. Because no significant correlations for Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe between mushrooms and soil were found, more studies are needed with only one species of mushrooms collected at locations with different levels of soil contamination. In spite of higher concentrations of Cd in some Boletaceae species, it is assumed that Cd intake through moderate mushroom consumption remains below suggested Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (FAO/WHO).

Assessment of Lead Intakes and Dose-response for a Population in Ayr Exposed to a Plumbosolvent Water Supply

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sherlock ◽  
G. Smart ◽  
G.I. Forbes ◽  
M.R. Moore ◽  
W.J. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Lead Intake ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

1 Dietary lead intakes, blood lead concentrations and water lead concentrations were measured and their relationships investigated for 31 adults and 11 infants living in dwellings in Ayr with lead plumbing. 2 For adults, some lead intakes were found to be higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake for lead, and for infants most of the intakes were high. 3 A cube root relationship fitted the data on blood lead versus water lead better than a linear relationship. Similarly, blood lead varied with the cube root of weekly dietary lead intake. 4 These cube root equations provided a means of estimating the impact on blood lead concentrations of exposure to lead from food and water. If cube root relationships correctly describe the association between these parameters, then the curve fitted to the results for adults indicates that the contribution to the blood lead concentrations from sources other than the diet and water was relatively small.

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