Chemical Contaminants in a Changing Ocean

Abstract:: Sustainability environmental lack is a growing and pivotal mater due to the issues: such as disturbances associated with biodiversity pollution, and climate change. Pollutants are the major cause of these environmental threats in the atmosphere. In recently, the nano-based photocatalyst is at the forefront of the author's interest because of its promising potential as a green chemical-based compound, high catalytic activity, the suitable and controllable surface area for wastewater treatment. Semiconductor materials in nanosized scale have electronic and optical properties depend on its building block size, which plays a vital role in developing smart materials that are well efficient for simultaneously destroying harmful chemical contaminants from our environment. This makes these materials used in many possible industrial applications such as water purification. In this Review, we report the most significant results contributing to progress in the area of environmental hazardous pollutant detection and removal focused on water purification especially through photo-catalysis to give readers an overview of the present research trends. Moreover, we analyze previous studies to indicate key principles of photo-catalysis and provide guidelines that can be used to fabricate more efficient photocatalysts.

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Nanomaterials for sustainable remediation of chemical contaminants in water and soil

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/10643389.2021.1886891 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-50

Author(s):

Raj Mukhopadhyay ◽

Binoy Sarkar ◽

Eakalak Khan ◽

Daniel S. Alessi ◽

Jayanta Kumar Biswas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Sustainable Remediation

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Gold–Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Contaminant Sensing

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12060719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 719

Author(s):

Shahrooz Rahmati ◽

William Doherty ◽

Arman Amani Babadi ◽

Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor ◽

Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollutants ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Environmental Crisis ◽

World Population ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Carbon Nanocomposites ◽

Minimal Sample ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Control ◽

Analytical Tools

The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.

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Chironomus sancticaroli generation test applied to chemical contaminants and freshwater sediment samples

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13250-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mayara Caroline Felipe ◽

Aline Christine Bernegossi ◽

Bruna Nayara Cardoso-Silva ◽

Marcelo Marques Dell’Acqua ◽

Juliano José Corbi

Keyword(s):

Freshwater Sediment ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Generation Test

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Removal of Aerosolized Contaminants from Working Canines via a Field Wipe-Down Procedure

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Erin B. Perry ◽

Dakota R. Discepolo ◽

Stephen Y. Liang ◽

Eileen K. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Povidone Iodine ◽

Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Contaminant Removal ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

Fourth Quadrant ◽

Prior Work ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Fluorescent Marker ◽

Labrador Retrievers

Evidence-based canine decontamination protocols are underrepresented in the veterinary literature. Aerosolized microbiological and chemical contaminants can pose a risk in deployment environments highlighting the need for improved canine field decontamination strategies. Prior work has established the efficacy of traditional, water-intensive methods on contaminant removal from the coat of the working canine; however, it is not known if similar reductions can be achieved with simple field expedient methods when resources are limited. The objective of this study was to measure the reduction of aerosolized contamination via a practical “wipe-down” procedure performed on working canine coats contaminated with a fluorescent, non-toxic, water-based aerosol. Disposable, lint-free towels were saturated with one of three treatments: water, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate scrub (CHX), or 7.5% povidone-iodine scrub (PVD). Both CHX and PVD were diluted at a 1:4 ratio. Treatments were randomly assigned to one of three quadrants established across the shoulders and back of commonly utilized working dog breeds (Labrador retrievers, n = 16; German shepherds, n = 16). The fourth quadrant remained unwiped, thus serving as a control. Reduction in fluorescent marker contamination was measured and compared across all quadrants. PVD demonstrated greater marker reduction compared to CHX or water in both breeds (p < 0.0001). Reduction was similar between CHX or water in Labradors (p = 0.86) and shepherds (p = 0.06). Effective wipe-down strategies using common veterinary cleansers should be further investigated and incorporated into decontamination practices to safeguard working canine health and prevent cross-contamination of human personnel working with these animals.

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Evaluation of Galdieria sulphuraria and Chlorella vulgaris for the Bioremediation of Produced Water

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1183

Author(s):

Ashiqur Rahman ◽

Shanglei Pan ◽

Cymone Houston ◽

Thinesh Selvaratnam

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Galdieria Sulphuraria ◽

Biomass Density ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Chemical Contaminants

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream generated by the oil and gas industry. Traditional treatment of PW burdens the industry with significant expenses and environmental issues. Alternatively, microalgal-based bioremediation of PW is often viewed as an ecologically safe and sustainable platform for treating PW. Moreover, the nutrients in PW could support algal growth. However, significant dilution of PW is often required in algal-based systems due to the presence of complex chemical contaminants. In light of these facts, the current work has investigated the potential of cultivating Galdieria sulphuraria and Chlorella vulgaris in PW using multiple dilutions; 0% PW, 5% PW, 10% PW, 20% PW, 50% PW and 100% PW. While both algal strains can grow in PW, the current results indicated that G. sulphuraria has a higher potential of growth in up to 50% PW (total dissolved solids of up to 55 g L−1) with a growth rate of 0.72 ± 0.05 g L−1 d−1 and can achieve a final biomass density of 4.28 ± 0.16 g L−1 in seven days without the need for additional micronutrients. Additionally, the algae showed the potential of removing 99.6 ± 0.2% nitrogen and 74.2 ± 8.5% phosphorus from the PW.

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