Environmental Disturbance Caused by Stressors

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Cristiano V.M. Araújo ◽  
Matilde Moreira-Santos ◽  
Rui Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Disturbance

scholarly journals Interaction between dietary and habitat niche breadth influences cetacean vulnerability to environmental disturbance

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl S. Cloyed ◽  
Brian C. Balmer ◽  
Lori H. Schwacke ◽  
Randall S. Wells ◽  
Elizabeth J. Berens McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Niche

REPRODUCTIVE ASYNCHRONY INCREASES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE

Evolution ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Post ◽  
Simon A. Levin ◽  
Yoh Iwasa ◽  
Nils C. Stenseth
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Disturbance

scholarly journals Correlation-Centric Network (CCN) representation for microbial co-occurrence patterns: new insights for microbial ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengshuo Yang ◽  
Chongyang Tan ◽  
Maozhen Han ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Xuefeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Metagenome Analysis ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Edge Networks

Abstract Mainstream studies of microbial community focused on critical organisms and their physiology. Recent advances in large-scale metagenome analysis projects initiated new researches in the complex correlations between large microbial communities. Specifically, previous studies focused on the nodes (i.e. species) of the Species-Centric Networks (SCNs). However, little was understood about the change of correlation between network members (i.e. edges of the SCNs) when the network was disturbed. Here, we introduced a Correlation-Centric Network (CCN) to the microbial research based on the concept of edge networks. In CCN, each node represented a species–species correlation, and edge represented the species shared by two correlations. In this research, we investigated the CCNs and their corresponding SCNs on two large cohorts of microbiome. The results showed that CCNs not only retained the characteristics of SCNs, but also contained information that cannot be detected by SCNs. In addition, when the members of microbial communities were decreased (i.e. environmental disturbance), the CCNs fluctuated within a small range in terms of network connectivity. Therefore, by highlighting the important species correlations, CCNs could unveil new insights when studying not only the functions of target species, but also the stabilities of their residing microbial communities.

scholarly journals Unveiling the trap-nesting bees and wasps’ fauna (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) and associated organisms of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. e20206049
Author(s):  
Diego Marinho ◽  
Felipe Vivallo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Rubber Hose ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Species List ◽  
Trap Nests ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Trap Nest

Urban areas, as cities, are frequently overlooked as refuges for the native fauna. However, these places may support several species and house relevant biodiversity contributing to important ecosystemic functions. Wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) are important faunistic elements acting as predators/parasitoids and pollinators, respectively. Therefore, they must be surveyed and inventoried for conservation purposes, especially in cities located in the Atlantic Forest domain, a ravaged Brazilian biome. Accordingly, this study presents a species list of trap-nesting bees and wasps that occurs at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. The survey was conducted using the trap-nest method. Three types of trap-nests were offered totalizing 1,038 traps: rubber hose, bamboo cane and plastic straw. The plastic straw traps were the most effective followed by the bamboo cane ones at attracting nesting wasps and bees. Between April/2017 and February/2019, 12 foundress species built nests: Tetrapedia curvitarsis (Apidae) (33 nests), Hylaeus sp. (Colletidae) (6), Auplopus cf. rufipes (Pompilidae) (5), Trypoxylon sp. (Crabronidae) (4), Pachodynerus nasidens (Vespidae) (3), Auplopus cf. brasiliensis (Pompilidae), Megachile benigna and Megachile sp. (Megachilidae), Euglossa pleosticta, Euglossa sp., and Eufriesea sp. (Apidae) and Penepodium sp. (Sphecidae) all with one nest. Also, four natural enemies were recorded: Chaenotetrastichus neotropicalis (Eulophidae), Gasteruption brachychaetum (Gasterupteiidae), Caenochrysis crotonis (Chrysididae) and Amobia sp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Most bee nests were restrained to the matrix forest and nearby areas, whereas wasps built their nests predominantly in open areas. Regarding seasonality, bees tended to nest in the summer and early autumn influenced by mean temperature, in contrast of wasps that nested in late autumn, winter and spring, influenced by pluviosity. Besides many rare species, which suggests environmental disturbance, the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro showed a fairly diverse fauna and shows how forest fragment in cities may harbour important representatives of the native fauna.

scholarly journals Divergent receptor proteins confer responses to different karrikins in two ephemeral weeds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueming Kelly Sun ◽  
Jiaren Yao ◽  
Adrian Scaffidi ◽  
Kim T. Melville ◽  
Sabrina F Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Ligand Selectivity ◽  
Brassica Tournefortii ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Variant Amino Acid

ABSTRACTWildfires can encourage the establishment of invasive plants by releasing potent germination stimulants, such as karrikins. Seed germination of Brassica tournefortii, a noxious weed of Mediterranean climates, is strongly stimulated by KAR1, which is the archetypal karrikin produced from burning vegetation. In contrast, the closely-related yet non-fire-associated ephemeral Arabidopsis thaliana is unusual because it responds preferentially to KAR2. The α/β-hydrolase KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) is the putative karrikin receptor identified in Arabidopsis. Here we show that B. tournefortii differentially expresses three KAI2 homologues, and the most highly-expressed homologue is sufficient to confer enhanced responses to KAR1 relative to KAR2 when expressed in Arabidopsis. We further identify two variant amino acid residues near the KAI2 active site that explain the ligand selectivity, and show that this combination has arisen independently multiple times within dicots. Our results suggest that duplication and diversification of KAI2 proteins could confer upon weedy ephemerals and potentially other angiosperms differential responses to chemical cues produced by environmental disturbance, including fire.

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