Soil Properties (Physical, Chemical, Biological, Mechanical)

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-154
Author(s):  
Christopher Teh Boon Sung ◽  
Che Fauziah Ishak ◽  
Rosazlin Abdullah ◽  
Radziah Othman ◽  
Qurban Ali Panhwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical

Influence of plant species on physical, chemical and biological soil properties in a Mediterranean forest soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pérez-Bejarano ◽  
J. Mataix-Solera ◽  
R. Zornoza ◽  
C. Guerrero ◽  
V. Arcenegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Physical Chemical

scholarly journals Refining physical aspects of soil quality and soil health when exploring the effects of soil degradation and climate change on biomass production: an Italian case study

SOIL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonello Bonfante ◽  
Fabio Terribile ◽  
Johan Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Physical Chemical

Abstract. This study focuses on soil physical aspects of soil quality and health with the objective to define procedures with worldwide rather than only regional applicability, reflecting modern developments in soil physical and agronomic research and addressing important questions regarding possible effects of soil degradation and climate change. In contrast to water and air, soils cannot, even after much research, be characterized by a universally accepted quality definition and this hampers the internal and external communication process. Soil quality expresses the capacity of the soil to function. Biomass production is a primary function, next to filtering and organic matter accumulation, and can be modeled with soil–water–atmosphere–plant (SWAP) simulation models, as used in the agronomic yield-gap program that defines potential yields (Yp) for any location on earth determined by radiation, temperature and standardized crop characteristics, assuming adequate water and nutrient supply and lack of pests and diseases. The water-limited yield (Yw) reflects, in addition, the often limited water availability at a particular location. Actual yields (Ya) can be considered in relation to Yw to indicate yield gaps, to be expressed in terms of the indicator (Ya/Yw)×100. Soil data to calculate Yw for a given soil type (the genoform) should consist of a range of soil properties as a function of past management (various phenoforms) rather than as a single representative dataset. This way a Yw-based characteristic soil quality range for every soil type is defined, based on semipermanent soil properties. In this study effects of subsoil compaction, overland flow following surface compaction and erosion were simulated for six soil series in the Destra Sele area in Italy, including effects of climate change. Recent proposals consider soil health, which appeals more to people than soil quality and is now defined by separate soil physical, chemical and biological indicators. Focusing on the soil function biomass production, physical soil health at a given time of a given type of soil can be expressed as a point (defined by a measured Ya) on the defined soil quality range for that particular type of soil, thereby defining the seriousness of the problem and the scope for improvement. The six soils showed different behavior following the three types of land degradation and projected climate change up to the year 2100. Effects are expected to be major as reductions of biomass production of up to 50 % appear likely under the scenarios. Rather than consider soil physical, chemical and biological indicators separately, as proposed now elsewhere for soil health, a sequential procedure is discussed, logically linking the separate procedures.

INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL MINE SOIL PROPERTIES ON WHITE OAK SEEDLING GROWTH

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 1029-1041
Author(s):  
J. M. Showalter ◽  
◽  
J. A. Burger ◽  
C. E. Zipper ◽  
J. M. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Physical Chemical

scholarly journals Peranan Amelioran Pupuk Organik terhadap Hasil Padi pada Musim Tanam Kedua di Lahan Kering Ngawen Gunungkidul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arif Anshori ◽  
Agung Iswadi ◽  
Sunarya Sunarya ◽  
Damasus Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Special Region

<em>Rice</em><em> </em><em>cultivation</em><em> in the second growing season in dry land at Gunungkidul Special Region of Yogyakarta requires additional irrigation and improvement of physical, chemical and biological soil properties. This study aimed to determine the role of organic fertilizer ameliorant on rice yields during second growing season in dry land. The research was conducted in Sambirejo Watusigar Ngawen Gunungkidul Special Region of Yogyakarta during second growing season from March to July 2019. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 treatments in the form of no ameliorant, ameliorant of 2 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> and ameliorant 4 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, with 5 replications. The results showed that the use of ameliorant 2 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> produced rice 5.64 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> and ameliorant 4 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> produced rice 6.04 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, which was significantly higher than without ameliorant which only produced 5.29 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> of rice.</em>

scholarly journals Changes in soil properties due to the application of activators in conditions of very heavy soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S40-S45
Author(s):  
Šařec Petr ◽  
Novák Petr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties ◽  
Properties Of Soil

This paper deals with verification of the effect of fermented manure (with and without Z'fix activators) and soil activators (PRP Sol) on a soil properties change. Their application should lead to a change in physical, physical-chemical and biological properties of soil, along with ecological material fixation, improved water retention and infiltration, reduction of soil susceptibility to water erosion and decreased soil tillage energy requirements. Field trial was established in Sloveč in Central Bohemia in the year 2014. The experiment was divided into several variants and was designed as multiannual. Z›fix activator was used as a biological transformation activator of manure. PRP Sol was used as a soil activator. In order to verify the effect, soil infiltration, cone index, bulk density and draft of tillage implement were measured. Measurements have shown a beneficial effect of the activators with regard to the decomposition of organic matter. Consequently, changes in soil properties and a reduction of draft at tillage operations developed. Finally, the effect should evolve gradually with a prolonged activator treatment.

Restoring woody agroecosystems in Mediterranean drylands through regenerative agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Luján Soto ◽  
María Martínez-Mena ◽  
Mamen Cuéllar Padilla ◽  
Joris de Vente
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Regenerative Agriculture

&lt;p&gt;Regenerative agriculture (RA) is gaining increasing recognition as a plausible solution to restore degraded agroecosystems. In Mediterranean drylands, RA has been limitedly adopted by farmers due to its initial state of development and lack of empirical evidence on its impacts. To support its large-scale adoption, we carried out a participatory monitoring and evaluation project in the high steppe plateau of Southeast Spain, involving local farmers applying RA in their almond farms. To assess the effect of RA, we studied 9 farms and selected in each farm one field with regenerative management and one nearby field with conventional management based on frequent tillage (CT). We clustered fields under regenerative management based on the different RA practices being applied and distinguished 4 types of RA treatments: 1) reduced tillage with green manure (GM), 2) reduced tillage with organic amendments (OA), 3) reduced tillage with green manure and organic amendments (GM&amp;OA), and 4) no tillage with permanent natural covers and organic amendments (NT&amp;OA). We used physical (bulk density and aggregate stability), chemical (pH, salinity, total N, P, K, available P, and exchangeable cations) and biological (SOC, POC, PON, microbial activity)&amp;#160; soil propertoes and the nutritional status of almond trees (leaf N, P and K) to evaluate the impacts of RA compared to CT. We found that GM treatment improved physical soil properties, presenting regenerative fields higher soil aggregate stability. Our results showed that OA improved most soil chemical and biological soil properties, however physical properties remained similar. RA treatments combining ground covers and organic amendments (GM&amp;OA and NT&amp;OA) exhibited greater overall soil quality restoration than individual practices, improving physical, chemical and biological soil properties. NT&amp;OA stood out for presenting the highest soil quality improvements. All RA treatments maintained similar crop nutritional status compared to CT. We conclude that RA has strong potential to restore the physical, chemical and biological quality of soils of woody agroecosystems in Mediterranean drylands without compromising their nutritional status, thereby enhancing their resilience to climate change and long term sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil Response to Fire Frequency in the Northern Columbia Basin Sagebrush Steppe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Fire is one of the most significant disturbances in an ecosystem, as it is capable of altering the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, and the fire frequency in semi-arid ecosystems is increasing. These changes can potentially alter plant-soil feedbacks that may affect post-fire recovery of the native plant and soil communities and lead to an ecosystem state change. However, there is much uncertainty about the magnitude of change as soils are exposed to more fires, because soil recovery and changes in fire severity following a first fire mediate the impact of successive fires on soil properties. To improve understanding of fire frequency effects on the soil ecology of the northern Columbia Basin sagebrush steppe ecosystem, this study assessed the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil that are critical to plant communities (e.g. soil pH, C and N, respiration and extracellular enzyme activity) from four different fire frequencies (unburned, burned once, twice, and thrice). Our study yielded three main results: 1) fire reduced the soil C concentration relative to unburned soil, but only when soil was exposed to fire once, 2) soil pH and NO3--N increased with fire frequency, whereas enzyme activity decreased, and 3) soil organic matter contents and microbial respiration were suppressed significantly in the once and thrice burned soils compared to the unburned and twice burned soils. Taken together, our findings suggest that a one-time fire in this region of the sagebrush steppe is capable of significantly changing soil properties that alter plant-soil feedbacks and hinder ecosystem resilience, thus contributing to ecosystem change particularly when fire frequency increases.

scholarly journals Comparing organic versus conventional soil management on soil respiration

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Mátyás ◽  
Maritza Elizabeth Chiluisa Andrade ◽  
Nora Carmen Yandun Chida ◽  
Carina Maribel Taipe Velasco ◽  
Denisse Estefania Gavilanes Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organic Farmers

Soil management has great potential to affect soil respiration. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic versus conventional soil management on soil respiration.  We measured the main soil physical-chemical properties from conventional and organic managed soil in Ecuador. Soil respiration was determined using alkaline absorption according to Witkamp.  Soil properties such as organic matter, nitrogen, and humidity, were comparable between conventional and organic soils in the present study, and in a further analysis there was no statically significant correlation with soil respiration. Therefore, even though organic farmers tend to apply more organic material to their fields, but this did not result in a significantly higher CO2 production in their soils in the present study.

scholarly journals Soil properties improvement and use of adaptive plants for land rehabilitation of post tin mining closure in Bangka Island, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratiwi ◽  
Budi Hadi Narendra ◽  
Budi Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Land Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Enterolobium Cyclocarpum ◽  
Samanea Saman

Abstract. Pratiwi, Narendra BH, Mulyanto B. 2020. Soil properties improvement and use of adaptive plants for land rehabilitation of post tin mining closure in Bangka Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 505-511. Indonesia is still facing several environmental problems due to improper mining activities, such as tin mining activities in Bangka island. The area of post tin mining closure in this island has left tailing area over unstructured overburden. This condition causes infertile land, which is indicated by low physical, chemical, and biological soil properties for supporting plant growth. Therefore, amelioration material is needed to increase soil fertility in rehabilitating this area. The purposes of the study are to improve soil properties and the use of adaptive plants for land rehabilitation of post tin mining closure. The observation was carried out on plots with ameliorant materials treatment, and no treatment as a control plot. Adaptive plants used are trembesi (Samanea saman), sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), and ampupu (Eucalyptus urophylla); while ameliorant materials were mixture of overburden materials, NPK fertilizer, lime (dolomite), topsoil material, and compost, with proportion 49%, 1%, 10%, 20%, 20% of media weight respectively. The results showed that three years after planting, ameliorant treatment plots showed growth percentage of E. urophylla, E. cyclocarpum, and S. saman as 96.1%, 73.4%, and 52.4% respectively, while in the control plots were 94.1%, 93.8%, and 35.0% respectively. The ameliorant treatment plots as compared to control plots, showed a significantly different effect on the growth parameters, both height and diameter for S. saman and E. cyclocarpum, while for E. urophylla, although the ameliorant treatment showed better growth parameters, but the differences were not significant.

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