Barley Genotypes (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Created by the Method of Cell Selection

2016 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Olga Shupletsova ◽  
Irina Shchennikova ◽  
Tatyana Sheshegova
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cell Selection ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Genotypes

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Esawi ◽  
Ibrahim Alaraidh ◽  
Abdulaziz Alsahli ◽  
Hayssam Ali ◽  
Aisha Alayafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Region ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Western European ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) represents one of the most important cereals cultivated worldwide. Investigating genetic variability and structure of barley is important for enhancing the crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and structure of 40 barley genotypes originated from three European countries (France, the Netherlands, Poland) using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). It also aimed to study 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) effect on salinity tolerance of six barley genotypes. The expected heterozygosity (He) diverged from 0.126 to 0.501, with a mean of 0.348. Polymorphic information content (PIC) diverged from 0.103 to 0.482 across barley genotypes, with a mean of 0.316, indicating that barley genotypes are rich in a considerable level of genetic diversity. The 40 barley genotypes were further studied based on their geographical origin (Western Europe and Eastern Europe). The Eastern European region (Poland) has a higher barley variability than the Western European region (France and the Netherlands). Nei’s distance-based cluster tree divided the 40 barley accessions into two major clusters; one cluster comprised all the varieties originated from the Eastern European region, while the other major cluster included all accessions originated from the Western European region. Structure analysis results were in a complete concordance with our cluster analysis results. Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes have the highest diversity level, whereas Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes have the lowest level. The response of these six varieties to NaCl stress was also investigated. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) slightly decreased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoid and osmolytes (proteins, soluble sugars, phenolics and flavonoids) in the leaves of Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes at non-significant level, as compared to control samples. However, pigment contents and osmolytes in leaves of Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes were significantly decreased by salt stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in Slaski 2 genotype, but non-significantly increased in Carmen by salt stress. Priming Slaski 2 and Carmen cultivars with ALA under salt stress significantly induced pigment contents, antioxidants enzymes activity and stress-responsive genes expression, relative to NaCl-stressed plants. In conclusion, this study suggested a correlation between variability percentage and degree of salinity resistance. ALA improved salt tolerance in barley.

Novel barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm resistant to acidic soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Moroni ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
B. J. Scott ◽  
M. Conyers ◽  
B. J. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Australian Standard ◽  
Barley Germplasm ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Improving the resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to acidic soils is an important goal of several barley breeding programs around the world. The identification and utilisation of novel barley sources resistant to aluminium (Al) may provide a significant and rapid advance towards that goal. Barley standards and screening protocols for selecting barley germplasm resistant to Al in nutrient solution and acidic soil were reevaluated. The assays used were quantitative in nature and were suitable for genotypic- and seedling-based selections. Although there was a broad agreement between the solution culture assays and soil assays in the ranking of genotypes it obscured the fact that misclassification of genotypes is common. Brindabella was shown to be better suited than Dayton (the current barley standard resistant to Al) as the Australian standard for resistance to acidic soils. A seedling-based Al pulse-recovery assay and an acidic soil assay were used to characterise 41 genotypes from the South and East Asian Barley Core Collection (SEA-BCC). In addition, in the acidic soil assays several standard barley and wheat genotypes were included. Three SEA-BCC genotypes were more resistant than Dayton to acidic soil while several others were similar to Dayton. The most resistant SEA-BCC genotypes Honen, Ohichi and Zairai Tanbo were of Japanese origin. Misclassification of barley genotypes and wheat genotypes for resistance to soil acidity between solution culture and acid soil assay provided strong evidence for the unsuitability of solution culture assay. Although in solution culture several barley genotypes were sensitive relative to wheat, in acidic soil they were not different from wheat. While the quest for resistant barley to acidic soils similar or better than resistant wheat still continues, it may be an unnecessary endeavour.

RELATIONSHIP OF SPIKE NODDING ANGLE AND KERNEL BRIGHTNESS UNDER SIMULATED RAINFALL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. BRINKMAN ◽  
T. M. LUK
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between spike nodding angle and kernel brightness under simulated rainfall in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Five genotypes, selected for differences in kernel brightness and spike nodding angle in the field, were grown in the greenhouse. At approximately 10 days after heading, spike nodding angles of 0, 60, 120, and 180° from a completely upright position were established for each genotype. Spikes were sprinkled with water three times daily until they were ripe. After harvest, kernel brightness and yellowness were measured with a Hunter Color Difference Meter (HCDM). Kernels from spikes nodded at angles of 120 and 180° were significantly brighter than kernels from spikes nodded at angles of 0 and 60°, but there were no significant differences among the four angles for degree of yellowness. A nonsignificant genotype × spike nodding angle interaction for kernel brightness indicated that the barley genotypes responded similarly to nodding angle treatments regardless of their natural kernel brightness. Results of this research indicate that the spike nodding angle should be greater than 90° from vertical in order to contribute to kernel brightness in moist conditions. It is suggested that the barley breeder consider both natural kernel brightness and spike nodding angle as selection criteria for developing varieties with improved kernel brightness.

scholarly journals Study of Some Mechanisms of Tolerance and Avoidance of Water Deficit in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512
Author(s):  
Mimouna Zerrouki ◽  
Zineb Regagba ◽  
Ahmed Adda
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Some mechanisms of drought tolerance and avoidance have been studied in eight barley genotypes. These include three local cultivars (Ttichedrett, Beldi, Saida) and five introduced (Malouh, Seg09, Mari29, Awblack, Beecher) which were grown under three different water supply (100% FC, 60% FC, 30% FC). The increase in intensity of the water deficit reduces differently the relative water content among tested genotypes. Thus, in the treatment of 60% FC, this reduction varies between 1% (Beldi) and 6% (Tichedrett, Beecher), while in the lot of 30% FC it reaches the limits of 3% (Beldi) and 18% (Seg09). The results show that plants grown under water deficit (60% CC, 30% FC) accumulate significantly soluble sugars (r = 0.54**) and K+ (r = 0.26**) compared to control plants (100% CC). Thus, under 30% FC, the accumulation of soluble sugars reached values of 195% and 208% observed at Mari29 and Awblack. The accentuation of the water deficit causes a significant reduction of the RWL particularly after 120 mn (r = -0.27**) which is accompanied by an increase of the stomatic resistance (r = 0.53**). To limit dehydration under the water deficit, tested genotypes were distinguished into three groups by adopting avoidance, tolerance or by combining the two strategies.

scholarly journals Assessment of Diversity in Barley Genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L) Based on Beta-Glucan Content and ISSR Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Raheleh Aziznia ◽  
Hedieh Badakhshan ◽  
Taimoor Javadi ◽  
Soma Zamani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Barley Genotypes

scholarly journals The effect of the changed amylose and amylopectin ratio on the selected qualitative parameters in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Balounová ◽  
Kateřina Vaculová ◽  
Lenka Hložková ◽  
Renata Mikulíková ◽  
Jaroslava Ehrenbergerová
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
Barley Genotypes

In 2008-2011, grain yield and chemical composition were assessed in a set of spring barley genotypes with standard and changed amylose/amylopectin ratio (non-waxy and waxy, respectively) at two locations (Kroměříž, Žabčice). Genotypic as well as environmental effects were important for the variations in contents of chemical compounds. The waxy genotypes had statistically significantly higher levels of β-glucans and protein (6.9% d.m., 12.1% d.m., respectively) than genotypes with the standard starch character (5.4% d.m., 11.5% d.m., respectively). The hull-less waxy genotype KM2619.413.4 was statistically significantly different from all other genotypes in the set due to its highest content of β-glucans (10.80% d.m.). We found statistically significant differences between genotypes divided by the type of grain (hulled vs. hull-less) and also by the starch character (standard vs. waxy) in average starch contents as follows: hull-less genotypes with the standard starch composition (64.8% d.m.) > hull-less waxy genotypes (63.7% d.m.) > hulled genotypes with standard starch composition (61.4% d.m.) > hulled waxy genotypes (60.0% d.m.). Genotypes with elevated grain constituents (higher starch and BG contents) could be important from the point of a prospective use of barley for food production as was already found for example in the hulless waxy genotypes KM2645.412.3.4.6 (63.7% and 8.0%, respectively) and KM2551.469.1-2 (64.1% and 7.0%, respectively).

scholarly journals Ontogenetic events in androgenesis of Brazilian barley genotypes

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. S. da SILVA ◽  
M. I. MORAES-FERNANDES ◽  
A. G. FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Direct Embryogenesis ◽  
Doubled Haploid Plants ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Barley Genotypes

This paper describes a simple procedure for obtention of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) doubled haploid plants from Brazilian hybrid genotypes. Anatomical and histological examinations showed the reversion of barley pollen to an sporophytic mode of development. A sequence of mitosis led to the formation of multicellular pollen grains. Regeneration of plants occurred either by direct embryogenesis or callus formation followed by differentiation through direct embryogenesis or organogenesis. Plants were formed in the same medium used for induction dispensing an additional regeneration step. This procedure makes doubled haploid production simpler and faster. Plantlets were transferred to another medium for rooting and after that planted in pots with vermiculite and nutrient solution.

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