Marek’s Disease Virus (Gallid herpesvirus 2) and Herpesvirus of Turkey (Melagrid herpesvirus 1)

2016 ◽  
pp. 801-810
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Characterizaton of gamma delta T cells in Marek’s disease virus (Gallid herpesvirus 2) infection of chickens

Virology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna M.S. Laursen ◽  
Raveendra R. Kulkarni ◽  
Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz ◽  
Brandon L. Plattner ◽  
Leah R. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Gamma Delta T Cells ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Marek’s disease virus in central Pennsylvania, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S Bell ◽  
David A Kennedy ◽  
Matthew J Jones ◽  
Christopher L Cairns ◽  
Utsav Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2 ◽  
Poultry Farms

AbstractThe evolution of Marek’s disease virus (MDV, Gallid herpesvirus 2) has threatened the sustainability of poultry farming in the past and its continued evolution remains a concern. Genetic diversity is key to understanding evolution, yet little is known about the diversity of MDV in the poultry industry. Here, we investigate the diversity of MDV on 19 Pennsylvanian poultry farms over a 3-year period. Using eight polymorphic markers, we found that at least twelve MDV haplotypes were co-circulating within a radius of 40 km. MDV diversity showed no obvious spatial clustering nor any apparent clustering by bird line: all of the virus haplotypes identified on the commercial farms could be found within a single, commonly reared bird line. On some farms, a single virus haplotype dominated for an extended period of time, while on other farms the observed haplotypes changed over time. In some instances, multiple haplotypes were found simultaneously on a farm, and even within a single dust sample. On one farm, co-occurring haplotypes clustered into phylogenetically distinct clades, putatively assigned as high and low virulence pathotypes. Although the vast majority of our samples came from commercial poultry farms, we found the most haplotype diversity on a noncommercial backyard farm experiencing an outbreak of clinical Marek’s disease. Future work to explore the evolutionary potential of MDV might therefore direct efforts toward farms that harbor multiple virus haplotypes, including both backyard farms and farms experiencing clinical Marek’s disease.

scholarly journals Genetic evolution of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated poultry farms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1342-1353
Author(s):  
Nahed Yehia ◽  
Hemat S. El-Sayed ◽  
Sabry E. Omar ◽  
Ahmed Erfan ◽  
Fatma Amer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2 ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Meq Gene

Background and Aim: The Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a neoplastic disease causing serious economic losses in poultry production. This study aimed to investigate MDV occurrence in poultry flocks in the Lower Egypt during the 2020 breakout and genetically characterized Meq, gL, and ICP4 genes in field strains of MDV. Materials and Methods: Forty samples were collected from different breeds from eight Egyptian governorates in 2020. All flocks had received a bivalent vaccine (herpesvirus of turkey FC-126 + Rispens CVI988). However, weight loss, emaciation, reduced egg production, paralysis, and rough/raised feather follicles occurred. Samples were collected from feather follicles, liver, spleen, and nerve tissue for diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction. MDV genetic characterization was then performed by sequencing the Meq, gL, and ICP4 genes of five positive samples representing different governorates and breeds. Results: A total of 28 samples were positive for MDV field strains, while two were related to MDV vaccinal strains. All samples tested negative for ALV (A, B, C, D, and J) and REV. Phylogenetic analysis of the Meq gene of sequenced samples revealed that all MDVs were related to the highly virulent European viruses (Gallid herpesvirus 2 ATE and PC12/30) with high amino acid (A.A.) identity 99.2-100%. Alternatively, there was low A.A. identity with the vaccine strains CVI988 and 3004 (up to 82.5%). These results indicate that further investigation of the efficacy of current Egyptian vaccines is required. The Egyptian strains also harbor a specific mutation, allowing clustering into two subgroups (A and B). By mutation analysis of the Meq gene, the Egyptian viruses in our study had R101K, P217A, and E263D mutations present in all Egyptian viruses. Furthermore, R176A and T180A mutations specific to our strains contributed to the high virulence of highly virulent strains. There were no mutations of the gL or ICP4 genes. Conclusion: Further studies should evaluate the protection contributed by current vaccines used in Egypt.

scholarly journals Applying the isothermal DNA amplification method in identifying the Marek’s disease virus in poultry

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Agata Józefiak ◽  
Magdalena Kufel ◽  
Jarosław Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus 2

Marek's disease is a viral disease, a type of poultry cancer. It is caused by MDV serotype 1 (Marek's disease virus, MDV) viruses, also referred to as Gallid herpesvirus 2 belonging to the family Herpesviridae. The complete, fully infectious virus particles are present in the feathers and the nodules months can survive in the environment for many months. The use of isothermal amplification methods of genetic material (Loop - Mediated Isothermal Amplification, LAMP) virus MDV enables rapid and precise identification of the virus in difficult diagnostic material, including dust. By optimizing the reaction conditions and using at least two pairs of primers which bind to specific sites in the genome of the virus, this technique has high sensitivity and specificity. The technique makes it possible to detect of single copies of the meq oncogene – a unique region of DNA of the first type of virus MDV.

Isolation and identification of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) from feather follicle epithelium and internal organs of diseased chickens in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Aly El-Kenawy ◽  
Mohamed El-Tholoth ◽  
Emad A
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Feather Follicle ◽  
Positive Results

In the present study, a total of 16 samples including feather follicle epithelium, ovary, spleen and kidney (4 samples for each organ) were collected from diseased chicken flocks suspected to be infected with Marek’s disease virus (MDV) at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the period from October 2016 to October 2017. Each sample was pooled randomly from three to five birds (90 to 360 days old). The isolation of the suspected virus from the collected samples was carried out via chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of 12 days old embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Three egg passages were carried out for each sample. Hyperimmune serum was prepared against standard MDV. MDV in both field and egg passaged samples (after 3rd passage) was identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Molecular identification of virus was carried out by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real- time PCR in four selected samples. The results revealed that 14 samples (87.5%) including 4 (100%) samples from feather follicle epithelium, ovary and kidney and 2 (50%) samples from spleen, showed positive results in virus isolation after 3rd passage. The positive results percentage by AGPT for field samples were 50% (8 out of 16 samples), while after the 3rd passage in ECEs were 37.5% (6 out of 16 samples) and the positive results percentage by IFAT for field samples were 62.5% (10 out of 16 samples), while after the 3rd passage in ECEs were 81.25 % (13 out of 16 samples). Viral nucleic acid was detected in all selected samples by conventional and real- time PCR. The results indicate that feather follicle epithelium is the best organ for MDV detection. IFAT is superior over AGPT in virus detection. Conventional and real - time PCR could be efficiently used for molecular detection of the virus.

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