Agricultural Water Reuse in Low-Income Settings: Health Risks and Risk Management Strategies

2016 ◽  
pp. 541-548
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

scholarly journals A human exposome framework for guiding risk management and holistic assessment of recycled water quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Garner ◽  
Ni Zhu ◽  
Laurel Strom ◽  
Marc Edwards ◽  
Amy Pruden
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
Guiding Principles

In this critical review, we propose that the “human exposome” concept provides guiding principles for water reuse risk management strategies.

scholarly journals Strategies to Manage Risk and their Role in Impacting Economic Performance among Farm Households

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Hisham S. El-Osta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
College Education ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Data from the 2015 ARMS and a multinomial probit regression model were used in an attempt to discern the impact of socio-economic factors on the likelihood of a farm household falling in a favorable income-wealth category delineated by above-median income and wealth levels. A primary determinant considered was the number of risk management strategies utilized by the farm household. Findings indicate that farmers who layer up the adoption of risk management strategies are most likely to secure an economic performance status characterized by ‘low-income, high-wealth’. Aging farm operators and those with college education and who operate larger sized farms are found more likely to be in the top economic performance category of ‘high-income, high-wealth’.

The management of risk in a dryland environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
D.I. Gray ◽  
J.I. Reid ◽  
D.J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Upside Risk

A group of 24 Hawke's Bay hill country farmers are working with service providers to improve the resilience of their farming systems. An important step in the process was to undertake an inventory of their risk management strategies. Farmers were interviewed about their farming systems and risk management strategies and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. There was considerable variation in the strategies adopted by the farmers to cope with a dryland environment. Importantly, these strategies had to cope with three types of drought and also upside risk (better than expected conditions), and so flexibility was critical. Infra-structure was important in managing a dryland environment. Farmers chose between increased scale (increasing farm size) and geographic dispersion (owning a second property in another location) through to intensification (investing in subdivision, drainage, capital fertiliser, new pasture species). The study identified that there may be scope for further investment in infra-structural elements such as drainage, deeper rooting alternative pasture species and water harvesting, along with improved management of subterranean clover to improve flexibility. Many of the farmers used forage crops and idling capacity (reduced stocking rate) to improve flexibility; others argued that maintaining pasture quality and managing upside risk was a better strategy in a dryland environment. Supplementary feed was an important strategy for some farmers, but its use was limited by contour and machinery constraints. A surprisingly large proportion of farmers run breeding cows, a policy that is much less flexible than trading stock. However, several farmers had improved their flexibility by running a high proportion of trading cattle and buffer mobs of ewe hoggets and trade lambs. To manage market risk, the majority of farmers are selling a large proportion of their lambs prime. Similarly, cattle are either sold prime or store onto the grass market when prices are at a premium. However, market risk associated with the purchase of supplements and grazing was poorly managed.

The Effects of Decision Aid Orientation on Risk Factor Identification and Audit Test Planning

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean C. Bedard ◽  
Lynford E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Audit Planning ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

In auditing, risk management involves identifying client facts or issues that may affect engagement risk, and planning evidence-gathering strategies accordingly. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether auditors' identification of risk factors and planning of audit tests is affected by decision aid orientation, i.e., a “negative” focus wherein client risk and its consequences are emphasized, or a “positive” focus where such factors are not emphasized. Specifically, we expect that auditors will identify more risk factors using a negatively oriented risk identification decision aid, but only when engagement risk is relatively high. We address this issue in the context of auditors' knowledge of actual clients, manipulating decision aid orientation as negative or positive in a matched-pair design. Results show that auditors using the negative decision aid orientation identify more risk factors than do those using a positive orientation, for their higher-risk clients. We also find that decisions to apply substantive tests are more directly linked to specific risk factors identified than to direct risk assessments. Further, our results show that auditors with repeat engagement experience with the client identify more risk factors. The findings of this study imply that audit firms may improve their risk management strategies through simple changes in the design of decision aids used to support audit planning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Risk during Necropsy and Morgue Activities as Risk Management Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8266
Author(s):  
Zoe Del Fante ◽  
Nicola Di Fazio ◽  
Adriano Papale ◽  
Paola Tomao ◽  
Fabio Del Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Load Handling

Physical risk assessments allow us to understand work-related critical issues, thus representing a useful tool in risk management strategies. In particular, our study focuses on the identification of already known and emerging physical risks related to necropsy and morgue activities, as well as crime scene investigations. The aim of our study is, therefore, to identify objective elements in order to quantify exposure to such risk factors among healthcare professionals and working personnel. For the research of potentially at-risk activities, data from the Morgue of Policlinico Umberto I Hospital in Rome were used. The scientific literature has been reviewed in order to assess the risks associated with morgue activity. Measurements were performed on previously scheduled days, in collaboration with the activities of different research units. The identified areas of risk were: microclimate; exposure to noise and vibrations; postural and biomechanical aspects of necropsy activities. The obtained results make it possible to detect interindividual variability in exposure to many of the aforementioned risk factors. In particular, the assessment of microclimate did not show significant results. On the contrary, exposure to vibrations and biomechanical aspects of load handling have shown potential risk profiles. For this reason, both profiles have been identified as possible action targets for risk management strategies.

Perceived Risk and Risk Management Strategies in Pond Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Md Takibur Rahman ◽  
Rasmus Nielsen ◽  
Md Akhtaruzzaman Khan ◽  
Dewan Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pond Aquaculture ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

scholarly journals Risk management strategies and therapeutic modalities to tackle COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Tahir Rasheed ◽  
Komal Rizwan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

scholarly journals Farmers’ Demand for Informal Risk Management Strategy and Weather Index Insurance: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingmei Tang ◽  
Huifang Cai ◽  
Rongmao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Insurance Demand ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Weather Index Insurance ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
The Government

AbstractIn the absence of formal risk management strategies, agricultural production in China is highly vulnerable to climate change. In this study, field experiments were conducted with 344 households in Heilongjiang (Northeast China) and Jiangsu (East China) Provinces. Probit and logistic models and independent sample T-test were used to explore farmers’ demand for weather index insurance, in contrast to informal risk management strategies, and the main factors that affect demand. The results show that the farmers prefer weather index insurance to informal risk management strategies, and farmers’ characteristics have significant impacts on their adoption of risk management strategies. The variables non-agricultural labor ratio, farmers’ risk perception, education, and agricultural insurance purchase experience significantly affect farmers’ weather index insurance demand. The regression results show that the farmers’ weather index insurance demand and the influencing factors in the two provinces are different. Farmers in Heilongjiang Province have a higher participation rate than those in Jiangsu Province. The government should conduct more weather index insurance pilot programs to help farmers understand the mechanism, and insurance companies should provide more types of weather index insurance to meet farmers’ diversified needs.

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