Mathematical model to predict the characteristics of polarization in dielectric materials: The concept of piezoelectrcity and electrostriction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Basic Material

Model was developed for the prediction of polarization characteristics in a dielectric material exhibiting piezoelectricity and electrostriction based on mathematical equations and MATLAB computer simulation software. The model was developed based on equations of polarization and piezoelectric constitutive law and the functional coefficient of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) crystal material used was 2.3×10-6 m (thickness), the model further allows the input of basic material and calculation of parameters of applied voltage levels, applied stress, pressure, dielectric material properties and so on, to generate the polarization curve, strain curve and the expected deformation change in the material length charts. The mathematical model revealed that an application of 5 volts across the terminals of a 2.3×10-6 m thick dielectric material (PZT) predicted a 1.95×10-9 m change in length of the material, which indicates piezoelectric properties. Both polarization and electric field curve as well as strain and voltage curve were also generated and the result revealed a linear proportionality of the compared parameters, indicating a resultant increase in the electric field yields higher polarization of the dielectric materials atmosphere.

Transformation of Structure, Magnetic Properties and Microwave Absorption Capability in Nd-Doped Strontium Hexaferrite

2020 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Effendi ◽  
Efi Solihah ◽  
Candra Kurniawan ◽  
Wahyu Tri Cahyanto ◽  
Wahyu Widanarto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Tetragonal Crystal ◽  
Capability Analysis ◽  
Natural Iron

The synthesize of Nd3+-strontium hexaferrite magnetic material by the solid-state reaction method has been successfully carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of Nd3+ on the structure, magnetic properties, and microwave absorption capability of the material. Preparation of (1-x)SrO:xNd2O3:6Fe2O3 where x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 mol% using basic material in the form of SrCO3 powder, Nd2O3 powder and Fe3O4 from natural iron sand. The characterization includes the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination to determine the crystal structure, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for exploring the surface morphology, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) for the magnetic properties investigation of material, and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) for microwave absorption capability analysis. The XRD results show that the addition of Nd3+ doping increases the number of SrNdFeO4 phases. The phase has a tetragonal crystal system that has cell parameters a = b = 3.846 Å, and c = 12.594 Å. The magnetic properties of the material showed that the addition of Nd3+ decreased the saturation and remanence magnetization values, whereas the value of the coercivity field increased. Meanwhile, the best microwave absorption occurs in samples with the addition of Nd3+ as much as 0.3 mol, which results in a reflection loss value of -18.9 dB with a frequency bandwidth of 3.9 GHz.

scholarly journals Transitioning of Steel Producers to the Steelworks 4.0 –Literature Review with Case Studies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4109
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Radosław Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Steel Mills

The publication presents a picture of modern steelworks that is evolving from steelworks 3.0 to steelworks 4.0. The paper was created on the basis of secondary sources of information (desk research). The entire publication concerns the emerging opportunities for the development of the steel producers to Industry 4.0 and the changes already implemented in the steel plants. The collected information shows the support environment for changes in the steel sector (EU programs), the levels of evolution of steel mills, along with the areas of change in the steel industry and implemented investment projects. The work consists of a theoretical part based on a literature review and a practical part based on case studies. The work ends with a discussion in which the staged and segmented nature of the changes introduced in the analyzed sector is emphasized. Based on the three case studies described in the paper, a comparative analysis was conducted between them. When we tried to compare methods used in the three analyzed steel producers (capital groups): ArcelorMittal, Thyssenkrupp, and Tata Steel Group, it can be seen that in all organizations, the main problem connected with steelworks 4.0 transition is the digitalization of all processes within an organization and in the entire supply chain. This is realized using various tools and methods but they are concentrated on using technologies and methods such as artificial intelligence, drones, virtual reality, full automatization, and industrial robots. The effects are connected to better relations with customers, which leads to an increase in customer satisfaction and the organizations’ profit. The steel industry will undergo further strong changes, bringing it closer to Industry 4.0 because it occupies an important place in the economies of many countries due to the strong dependence of steel producers on the markets of the recipients (steel consumers). Steel is the basic material needed to make many products, and its properties have been valued for centuries. In addition, steel mills with positive economic, social, and environmental aspects are part of the concept of sustainability for industries and economies.

scholarly journals Unamuno on making oneself indispensable and having the strength to long for immortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Buben
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Eternal Recurrence ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Material Substance

AbstractUnamuno believes that longing for immortality is what motivates nearly all of human behavior. Unfortunately, in a world in which many people despair of ever achieving true personal immortality, we increasingly turn to what he calls mere “shadows of immortality” for comforting ideas about how our names, energy, or basic material substance will carry on in our absence. Unamuno advocates fighting against such despair, staying out of the shadows, and longing for personal immortality even when it seems impossible. Unamuno’s approach to this issue resembles, in a few significant ways, Kierkegaard’s struggle for the cultivation of subjective selfhood. At the same time, it also runs afoul of Nietzsche’s derisive claims about immortality-seekers. Whereas Nietzsche sees longing for immortality as a sign of being too weak to make the most of mortal life, the more Kierkegaardian Unamuno counters that it is a sign of strong appreciation for life to demand, without surrender, that there be more of it. Given the proper understanding of Nietzsche’s claims about the eternal recurrence, I think he and Unamuno might not be quite as far apart as it initially seems. However, exploring the latter’s critique of the former suggests an intriguing way of seeing the contemporary analytic debate about the desirability of immortality. Building on Unamuno’s position, one could argue that pessimism about the value of immortality is actually indicative of a flawed character and an impoverished relationship with life.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of inulin supplementation for functional constipation: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042597
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Liu ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Zhongning He ◽  
Shukun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry

IntroductionFunctional constipation (FC) is a common digestive system disease, with an uptrend in morbidity and mortality, resulting in huge social and economic losses. Although the guidelines recommend lifestyle intervention as a first-line treatment, lifestyle intervention is not widely used in clinic. Inulin can be used as the basic material of functional food. Clinical studies have shown that inulin supplementation is associated with increased frequency of bowel movements, but has certain side effects. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of inulin in the treatment of FC need to be further evaluated.Methods and analysisWe will search Medline, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database. We will also search the China Clinical Trial Registry, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and related conference summaries. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RevMan V.5.3.5 will be used for analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of inulin supplementation for the treatment of FC. All included data will be obtained from published articles, there is no need for the ethical approval, and it will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Due to lack of a new systematic review in this field, this study will combine relevant randomised controlled trials to better explore the evidence of inulin supplementation in the treatment of FC and guide clinical practice and clinical research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189234.

scholarly journals An experimental factor analysis of cancer mortality in England and Wales 1921–30

1952 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Buckatzsch ◽  
Richard Doll
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Male Body ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Cancer Of The Rectum ◽  
Cancer Of The Stomach ◽  
Method Of Principal Components ◽  
Special Factor

A Factor Analysis has been made of the co-variation between the mortality rates from cancer of ten male body sites and of eight female body sites, in thirty large towns in England and Wales from 1921 to 1930. The method of analysis adopted is Hotelling's method of Principal Components.Four male and four female Factors are obtained, which together account for approximately three-quarters of the total variance.A Factor is found to be associated with cancer of the larynx, oesophagus, stomach and tongue in men and with cancer of the stomach and negatively with cancer of the breast and ovaries in women. In both sexes, the Factors are associated with an index of adverse social conditions.Another Factor is found to be associated with cancer of the rectum and bladder in men and this Factor is associated with good social conditions.A special Factor associated with cancer of the colon is unrelated to the mortality from cancer of other sites, save that in women it is negatively associated with cancer of the rectum.A Factor for cancer of the lung in men is unrelated to cancer of the larynx, and is inversely related to cancer of the tongue.We are most grateful to Dr Percy Stocks, late of the General Register Office, and to Dr W. P. D. Logan, Chief Medical Statistician of the General Register Office, for their help in providing us with the relevant basic material; and to Miss E. M. Hines, Miss A. H. Huntley and Miss M. Rogers for assistance in the calculations.

Open teaching mode of environmental design major in colleges

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092110052
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yingjiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Teaching Mode ◽  
Good Living ◽  
Economic Construction ◽  
Considerable Damage

With the acceleration of China's industrialized cities, economic construction and social development have caused considerable damage to the natural environment. Having a good living environment has become an urgent need of the Chinese people, who have already met their basic material needs. This paper mainly adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis with case study. From the perspective of theory and practice, this paper studies the following contents: the present situation of teaching development and reflection on the environmental design specialty in China, the characteristics of open teaching mode, combined with the setting of environmental design specialty curriculum system and the teaching conditions of related specialties in Chinese universities. This study takes the open teaching mode of ordinary colleges and universities as the research object, and takes a university in China as an example to study the open teaching mode.

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