Multifunctional Compounds: Carbohydrates

2016 ◽  
pp. 1111-1150
Keyword(s):  
Multifunctional Compounds

Biodegradable Polyurethanes Cross-Linked by Multifunctional Compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brzeska
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Native State ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds ◽  
Hard Segments ◽  
Synthetic Origin

Background: Cross-linking structure of polyurethanes determines no degradability of these materials. However, introducing the hydrolysable substrates (of natural or synthetic origin) into the cross-linked polyurethanes structure makes them biodegradable. Moreover compounds (such as polycaprolactone triol, glycerin, lysine triisocyanate, etc.) that are used for polyurethane cross-linking are degraded in non-toxic products. All these kinds of compounds can be introduced into soft or hard segments via urethane bonds. Objective: The review focuses on kind of multifunctional polyols and isocyanates, and low molecular crosslinkers used for cross-linked polyurethanes obtaining. These compounds are natural substrates (in the native state or after modification) or are synthetic compounds with degradable linkages. They belong to polyesters, plant oils, proteins, saccharides, and others (e.g. lignocellulosic materials), and they are synthesized chemically or via biosynthesis by algae, plants, microorganisms, and by animals. Conclusion: Incorporation of degradable groups (such as ester moieties) into the polymer structure, and using of substrates with the structure known and metabolized by microorganisms for soft or hard segments building, facilitate degradation of cross-linked polyurethanes.

scholarly journals Modelling studies of HOMs and their contributions to new particle formation and growth: comparison of boreal forest in Finland and a polluted environment in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 11779-11791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximeng Qi ◽  
Aijun Ding ◽  
Pontus Roldin ◽  
Zhengning Xu ◽  
Putian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds

Abstract. Highly oxygenated multifunctional compounds (HOMs) play a key role in new particle formation (NPF), but their quantitative roles in different environments of the globe have not been well studied yet. Frequent NPF events were observed at two “flagship” stations under different environmental conditions, i.e. a remote boreal forest site (SMEAR II) in Finland and a suburban site (SORPES) in polluted eastern China. The averaged formation rate of 6 nm particles and the growth rate of 6–30 nm particles were 0.3 cm−3 s−1 and 4.5 nm h−1 at SMEAR II compared to 2.3 cm−3 s−1 and 8.7 nm h−1 at SORPES, respectively. To explore the differences of NPF at the two stations, the HOM concentrations and NPF events at two sites were simulated with the MALTE-BOX model, and their roles in NPF and particle growth in the two distinctly different environments are discussed. The model provides an acceptable agreement between the simulated and measured concentrations of sulfuric acid and HOMs at SMEAR II. The sulfuric acid and HOM organonitrate concentrations are significantly higher but other HOM monomers and dimers from monoterpene oxidation are lower at SORPES compared to SMEAR II. The model simulates the NPF events at SMEAR II with a good agreement but underestimates the growth of new particles at SORPES, indicating a dominant role of anthropogenic processes in the polluted environment. HOMs from monoterpene oxidation dominate the growth of ultrafine particles at SMEAR II while sulfuric acid and HOMs from aromatics oxidation play a more important role in particle growth. This study highlights the distinct roles of sulfuric acid and HOMs in NPF and particle growth in different environmental conditions and suggests the need for molecular-scale measurements in improving the understanding of NPF mechanisms in polluted areas like eastern China.

scholarly journals Dynamic porous property in a new heterometallic supramolecular compound

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1474-C1474
Author(s):  
Patrice Kenfack ◽  
Emmanuel Wenger ◽  
Slimane Dahaoui ◽  
John Lambi ◽  
Pierrick Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Supramolecular Compounds ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
One Step ◽  
Mean Vector

Supramolecular compounds have attracted considerable interest to chemists, physicists and materials scientists due to their fascinating structures and potential applications as porosity [1-3] but one of the most appealing aims today, is to build multifunctional compounds. We are interested to rationalize the synthesis of porous heterometallic compounds by self- assembly via hydrogen bonds. In this communication, we present a stacked 2D Catena-{Co(amp)3Cr(ox)3.6H2O} (amp = 2-picolylamine, ox=oxalate). It is built by layers in which both (Co(amp)3+ (D) and Cr(ox)3- ( A)) ionic units are linked in a repeating DADADA...pattern along both the a and c axis with four and two hydrogen bonds respectively. These layers host very well resolved dodecameric discrete ring water clusters (R12) built by six independent molecules located around the centrosymmetric Wyckoff position's of the P21/n space group in which the compound crystallizes. The clusters are ranged along the [001] direction, occupy 807.6 Å3 (23.9%) of the unit cell and have a chair conformation via 10 hydrogen bonds. The dehydration process of the compound occurs in one step around 77oC and the dehydrated compound remains crystalline although all framework atoms move by 2.25 Å along a mean vector (dm= 2.21 i + 0.17 j + 0.37 k) during the process. The unit cell is then reduced by 12.34 % along a, 12.22% along b and 2. 03% along c reducing V by 22.03%. By exposure to air, the regeneration of the compound needs 90 min, following the first kinetic Avrami's model.

scholarly journals Fructans as Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Agents: The Case of Echinacea

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Dobrange ◽  
Darin Peshev ◽  
Bianke Loedolff ◽  
Wim Van den Ende
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Throughout history, medicinal purposes of plants have been studied, documented, and acknowledged as an integral part of human healthcare systems. The development of modern medicine still relies largely on this historical knowledge of the use and preparation of plants and their extracts. Further research into the human microbiome highlights the interaction between immunomodulatory responses and plant-derived, prebiotic compounds. One such group of compounds includes the inulin-type fructans (ITFs), which may also act as signaling molecules and antioxidants. These multifunctional compounds occur in a small proportion of plants, many of which have recognized medicinal properties. Echinacea is a well-known medicinal plant and products derived from it are sold globally for its cold- and flu-preventative and general health-promoting properties. Despite the well-documented phytochemical profile of Echinacea plants and products, little research has looked into the possible role of ITFs in these products. This review aims to highlight the occurrence of ITFs in Echinacea derived formulations and the potential role they play in immunomodulation.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Multifunctional Compounds for the Treatment of Some Aging Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Novaroli ◽  
Antoine Daina ◽  
Francesca Bertolini ◽  
Saviana Di Giovanni ◽  
Juan Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds

scholarly journals Terpenylic acid and nine-carbon multifunctional compounds formed during the aging of β-pinene ozonolysis secondary organic aerosol

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Sato ◽  
Tianyu Jia ◽  
Kiyoshi Tanabe ◽  
Yu Morino ◽  
Yoshizumi Kajii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Photo-Protective Activities of Benzimidazolehydrazone Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Anna Baldisserotto ◽  
Monica Demurtas ◽  
Ilaria Lampronti ◽  
Massimo Tacchini ◽  
Davide Moi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Hydroxy Groups

In the search of multifunctional compounds we designed benzimidazole derivatives endowed with phenolic hydroxy groups and a hydrazone moiety as potential radical-scavenger and the antioxidant agents. The target molecules have been prepared by a simple synthetic procedure and tested for their antioxidant activity by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC test, for photoprotective activity against UV rays and for antiproliferative activity against Colo-38 melanoma cells. Furthermore, two different dermocosmetic formulations were prepared with the compounds endowed with the best antioxidant and photoprotective profile and their release from formulation evaluated using Franz Cells system. High antioxidant activity is related to the presence of at least two hydroxy groups on arylidene moiety of benzimidazoles. Structure activity analysis revealed that the position of hydroxy groups is crucial for antioxidant activity as well as the presence of a 2-hydroxy-4-(diethylamino)arylidene group. The same correlation pattern was found to be related to photoprotective activity resulting in an UVA Protection Factor better than the commercial solar filter PBSA and antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells without producing cytotoxicity on normal keratinocytes. The release analysis indicated that high antioxidant activities are achieved with limited release at concentration compatible with the use as UV sunscreen filter.

scholarly journals Evaluating the mutagenic potential of aerosol organic compounds using informatics-based screening

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 2329-2340
Author(s):  
Stefano Decesari ◽  
Simona Kovarich ◽  
Manuela Pavan ◽  
Arianna Bassan ◽  
Andrea Ciacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Toxicological Screening ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Policy Objectives

Abstract. Whilst general policy objectives to reduce airborne particulate matter (PM) health effects are to reduce exposure to PM as a whole, emerging evidence suggests that more detailed metrics associating impacts with different aerosol components might be needed. Since it is impossible to conduct toxicological screening on all possible molecular species expected to occur in aerosol, in this study we perform a proof-of-concept evaluation on the information retrieved from in silico toxicological predictions, in which a subset (N = 104) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compounds were screened for their mutagenicity potential. An extensive database search showed that experimental data are available for 13 % of the compounds, while reliable predictions were obtained for 82 %. A multivariate statistical analysis of the compounds based on their physico-chemical, structural, and mechanistic properties showed that 80 % of the compounds predicted as mutagenic were grouped into six clusters, three of which (five-membered lactones from monoterpene oxidation, oxygenated multifunctional compounds from substituted benzene oxidation, and hydroperoxides from several precursors) represent new candidate groups of compounds for future toxicological screenings. These results demonstrate that coupling model-generated compositions to in silico toxicological screening might enable more comprehensive exploration of the mutagenic potential of specific SOA components.

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