10Urinary bladder channel of the foot-tai yang (足太陽膀胱经)207 Pathway of the urinary bladder channel207 Acupuncture points along the urinary bladder channel

2015 ◽  
pp. 229-326
1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Dung

This is the sixth and final communication in a series describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. Most acunpuncture points on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the lower limb are located along routes of the sacral plexus. These points belong to acunpuncture meridians carrying ''Yang energy'' in the lower limbs. The meridians are traditionally known as the Urinary Bladder on the posterior surface of the lower limb, Gall Bladder on the lateral surface of the lower limb, and Stomach on the anterior surface of the leg and dorsum of the foot.


Author(s):  
A.J. Mia ◽  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
T. Yorio

The amphibian urinary bladder has been used as a ‘model’ system for studies of the mechanism of action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in stimulating transepithelial water flow. The increase in water permeability is accompanied by morphological changes that include the stimulation of apical microvilli, mobilization of microtubules and microfilaments and vesicular membrane fusion events . It has been shown that alterations in the cytosolic calcium concentrations can inhibit ADH transmembrane water flow and induce alterations in the epithelial cell cytomorphology, including the cytoskeletal system . Recently, the subapical granules of the granular cell in the amphibian urinary bladder have been shown to contain high concentrations of calcium, and it was suggested that these cytoplasmic constituents may act as calcium storage sites for intracellular calcium homeostasis. The present study utilizes the calcium antagonist, verapamil, to examine the effect of calcium deprivation on the cytomorphological features of epithelial cells from amphibian urinary bladder, with particular emphasis on subapical granule and microfilament distribution.


Author(s):  
A.J. Mia ◽  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
T. Yorio

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, when activated, are translocated to particulate membrane fractions for transport to the apical membrane surface in a variety of cell types. Evidence of PKC translocation was demonstrated in human megakaryoblastic leukemic cells, and in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, using FTTC immunofluorescent antibody labeling techniques. Recently, we reported immunogold localizations of PKC subtypes I and II in toad urinary bladder epithelia, following 60 min stimulation with Mezerein (MZ), a PKC activator, or antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Localization of isozyme subtypes I and n was carried out in separate grids using specific monoclonal antibodies with subsequent labeling with 20nm protein A-gold probes. Each PKC subtype was found to be distributed singularly and in discrete isolated patches in the cytosol as well as in the apical membrane domains. To determine if the PKC isozymes co-localized within the cell, a double immunogold labeling technique using single grids was utilized.


2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 395-396
Author(s):  
Germar M. Pinggera ◽  
Leo Pallwein ◽  
Ferdinand Frauscher ◽  
Michael Mitterberger ◽  
Fritz Aigner ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Loleta D. Harris ◽  
Tomasz Tuziak ◽  
Jorge De Lo Cerda ◽  
Anita L. Sabichi ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
Yukio Hayashi ◽  
Kazumasa Torimoto ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor ◽  
William C. de Groat ◽  
Naoki Yoshimura

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Kazunori Hattori ◽  
Katsuyuki Iida ◽  
Akira Johraku ◽  
Sadamu Tsukamoto ◽  
Taeko Asano ◽  
...  

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