Short Introduction to Inhalation Exposure Methodology

2015 ◽  
pp. 197-201
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Short Introduction

Toxic effects of inhaled DMMP on the kidneys of Fischer-344 rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
D.R. Mattie ◽  
C.J. Hixson
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fischer 344

Dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simple organophosphate used industrially as a flame retardant and to lower viscosity in polyester and epoxy resins. The military considered the use of DMMP as a nerve gas simulant. Since military use of DMMP involved exposure by inhalation, there was a need for a subchronic inhalation exposure to DMMP to fully investigate its toxic potential.Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 25 ppm or 250 ppm DMMP vapor on a continuous basis for 90 days. An equal number of control rats were sham-exposed. Following the 90-day continuous exposure period, 15 male rats were sacrificed from each group. Two rats from each group had the left kidney perfused for electron microscopic examination. The kidneys were perfused from a height of 150 cm water with 1% glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.2. An additional kidney was taken from a rat in each group and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4. A portion of the 9 kidneys collected for electron microscopy were processed into Epon 812. Thin sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were examined with a JEOL 100B Transmission Electron Microscope. Microvilli height was measured on photographs of the cells of proximal tubules. This data, along with morphologic features of the cells, allows the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) to be identified as being S1, S2, or S3 segment PCT.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: I. Electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Male Rhesus

Exposure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to marijuana via inhalation or to intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), reportedly caused ultrastructural evidence of increased synaptic width. Chronic marijuana smoke in a single rhesus monkey examined after a six month withdrawal time caused ultrastructure changes in the septal, hippocampal and amygdala regions; the synaptic cleft was widened, electron opaque material was found in the cleft and in the pre- and postsynaptic regions, with some clumping of the synaptic vesicles. The objective of our study was to assess neuropathological alterations produced by chronic inhalation of marijuana smoke.Nineteen male rhesus monkeys, 3-5 years of age and weighing 3-8 kg, were divided into four treatment groups: a) sham control, b) placebo smoke (7 days/ week) c) low dose marijuana (2 times/week with 5 days/week sham) and d) high dose marijuana (7 times/week). A smoke exposure consisted of smoke from one cigarette (2.6% THC) burned down to 10 mm butt length. Smoke was administered via smoke generator (ADL II, Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA) and nose-mouth only masks (local production) equipped with one-way valves.

Evaluating Performance Effects of Low-Level Inhalation Exposure to Nerve Agents in Rats

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Genovese ◽  
◽  
Sara J. Shippee ◽  
Jessica Bonnell ◽  
Bernard J. Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Performance Effects

Żydzi z Chmielnika w czasie okupacji niemieckiej (1939–1943)

2007 ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Sara Bender
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
History Of

The author discusses the history of the Jews of Chmielnik, a town situated 30 kilometres away from Kielce: from a short introduction covering the inter-war period, through the German invasion, ghetto formation, everyday life n the ghetto, deportations and the fate of the survivors. The author extensively describes social organisations and their activity in Chmielnik  (Judenrat, Ha Szomer ha-Cair), as well as the contacts between the Jews and the Poles.

217. Design and Operation of a Popcorn Butter Flavoring Inhalation Exposure System

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goldsmith ◽  
D. Frazer ◽  
W. McKinney ◽  
W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Exposure System

Dane Kennedy, Decolonization: A Very Short Introduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
Jeremy Black
Keyword(s):  
Short Introduction

On Anton V. Kartashov’s Article “Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled”.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4 (28)) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Antoshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Short Introduction

The edition of the address of the famous Russian church historian is preceded by a short introduction written by the publisher. In it, he explains the place of this document in the process of forming the views of A. V. Kartashev on church schisms among Russian post-revolutionary emigrants in Western Europe. This explanation, given against the background of the emigrant period of the historian’s biography, allows a better understanding of the meaning and significance of the arguments put forward in the published document.

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