Acute Neurological Injury: Pathophysiology as Related to Therapeutic Targets

Microglia as therapeutic targets after neurological injury: strategy for cell therapy

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets ◽

10.1080/14728222.2021.1934447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Collins Scott ◽

Supinder S. Bedi ◽

Scott D. Olson ◽

Candice M. Sears ◽

Charles S. Cox

Keyword(s):

Cell Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Neurological Injury

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The science of cerebral ischemia and the quest for neuroprotection: navigating past failure to future success

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2012.11.jns12408 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 118 (5) ◽

pp. 1072-1085 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Ryan C. Turner ◽

Sean C. Dodson ◽

Charles L. Rosen ◽

Jason D. Huber

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

High Mobility ◽

Therapeutic Options ◽

High Mobility Group ◽

Neurological Injury ◽

Neuroprotective Agents ◽

Future Success

Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and death for which few therapeutic options are available. The development of neuroprotective agents, a once promising field of investigation, has failed to translate from bench to bedside successfully. This work reviews the ischemic cascade, agents targeting steps within the cascade, and potential reasons for lack of translation. Additional therapeutic targets are highlighted and areas requiring further investigation are discussed. It is clear that alternative targets need to be pursued, such as the role glia play in neurological injury and recovery, particularly the interactions between neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and the vasculature. Similarly, the biphasic nature of many signaling molecules such as matrix metalloproteinases and high-mobility group box 1 protein must be further investigated to elucidate periods of detrimental versus beneficial activity.

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