Chapter^>7: Agroecology, Food Sovereignty, and the New Green Revolution

Agroecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Keyword(s):  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Green Revolution

Agroecology, Food Sovereignty and the New Green Revolution

2012 ◽  
pp. 120904081412003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Holt-Giménez ◽  
Miguel A. Altieri
Keyword(s):  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Green Revolution

Customary Rights of Farmers in Neoliberal India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophy K. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
The Impact

The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act, 2001, promises to balance the intellectual property rights of plant breeders and farmers under one umbrella legislation. However, there remain several grey areas and the rights of farmers, in reality, are still tenuous. Though the rights framework was foregrounded on an understanding between non-governmental organizations and industry, there is lack of clarity at both conceptual and procedural levels. In this context, Sophy K. Joseph analyses the impact of legal policy reforms during the ongoing Second Green Revolution on farmers’ customary rights and livelihood. The author discusses how the extension of private property rights to plant varieties, seeds, and other agrarian resources changed the demographic composition of the rural space, with increased migration of cultivators to the cities. The book argues that the transition from state interventionism (during the First Green Revolution), to state abstention (in the Second Green Revolution) has dramatically influenced India’s conventional agrarian practices and traditions. This work maps the evolutionary process of neoliberal economic and legal policies and its interference with primary concerns such as food security, food sovereignty, and agrarian self-reliance of the country.

Homeopatia: uma ferramenta agroecológica

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius De Almeida ◽  
Igor Rosa Meurer ◽  
Rozângela Magalhães Manfrini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Government

Resumo A agricultura surgiu no período neolítico de modo rudimentar e com a produção voltada apenas para a subsistência da família ou tribo. Ao longo dos séculos, houve a necessidade de readaptações e inovações, como, por exemplo, a chamada Revolução Verde. Com o fomento do governo, houve um crescimento exponencial na indústria agroquímica, o que promoveu a dependência dessas substâncias e vários danos ambientais e humanos atrelados a elas. O principal dano, oriundo do uso destas substâncias, é a relação direta com o aumento dos casos de câncer. Em contrapartida, a agroecologia é uma ciência que busca minimizar a artificialização do meio ambiente natural, ao aplicar o conhecimento advindo de uma matriz teórica multidisciplinar que valoriza os agroecossistemas em sua complexidade e diversidade, além de interligar valores, qualidade de vida, trabalho, renda, democracia, emancipação política em um mesmo regime. A homeopatia é uma ferramenta de trabalho para a agroecologia, pois abrange, integralmente, as bases epistemológicas que regem o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. A partir de publicações científicas, nacionais e internacionais, indexadas nas bases de dados SCIELO, PUBMED e Google Acadêmico, bem como em livros, legislações pertinentes ao tema e diretrizes das associações relacionadas ao Ministério da Saúde, conclui-se que é preciso buscar alternativas que promovam o menor desequilíbrio possível ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, garante-se a harmonia dos ecossistemas e a soberania alimentar, o que gera saúde e renda para a população. Palavras-chave: Revolução Verde. Agrotóxicos. Agroecologia. Homeopatia. Desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Abstract Agriculture emerged in the Neolithic period in a rudimentary way and with a production directed only to the subsistence of the family or tribe. Over the centuries, there has been a need for readjustments and innovations, such as the Green Revolution. With the government promotion, there has been an exponential growth in the agrochemical industry, promoting the dependence of these substances and several environmental and human damages linked to them. The main damage, resulting from the use of these substances, is directly related to the increase in cancer cases. On the other hand, agroecology is a science that seeks to minimize the artificialization of the natural environment, applying knowledge from a multidisciplinary theoretical matrix that values agroecosystems in their complexity and diversity, as well as interconnecting values, quality of life, work, income, democracy, political emancipation at this policy. Homeopathy is as a working tool for agroecology since it comprehensively covers the epistemological bases that conduct sustainable rural development. From scientific publications, national and international, indexed in the databases SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PUBMED, and Google Scholar, as well as in books, legislation relevant to the theme and guidelines of associations related to the Ministry of Health, it is concluded that it is necessary to seek alternatives that promote the least possible imbalance to the environment. Thus, it guarantees the harmony of ecosystems and food sovereignty, which generates health and income for the population. Keywords: Green Revolution. Agrochemicals. Agroecology. Homeopathy. Sustainable rural development. Resumen La agricultura surgió en el período neolítico de manera rudimentaria y con la producción dirigida únicamente a la subsistencia de la familia o de la tribu. A lo largo de los siglos, hubo necesidad de readaptaciones e innovaciones, como, por ejemplo, la llamada Revolución Verde. Con el estímulo del gobierno, se vio un crecimiento exponencial en la industria agroquímica, lo que produjo la dependencia de esas sustancias y varios daños ambientales y humanos vinculados a ellas. El principal daño originado por el uso de esas sustancias está en relación directa con el aumento de los casos de cáncer. Como contraparte, la agroecología es una ciencia que busca minimizar la artificialización del medioambiente natural, al aplicar el conocimiento de una matriz teórica multidisciplinaria, que valoriza los agroecosistemas en su complejidad y diversidad, además de conjugar valores, calidad de vida, trabajo, renta, democracia, emancipación política en un mismo régimen. La homeopatía es una herramienta de trabajo para la agroecología, pues abarca, integralmente, las bases epistemológicas que rigen el desarrollo rural sostenible. A partir de publicaciones científicas, nacionales e internacionales, indexadas en las bases de datos SCIELO, PUBMED y Google Académico, así como en libros, legislación pertinente al tema y directrices de las asociaciones relacionadas con el Ministerio de la Salud, se concluye que es necesario buscar alternativas que generen el menor daño posible al medioambiente. De esa forma, se garantiza la armonía de los ecosistemas y la soberanía alimentaria, lo que genera salud y renta para la población. Palabras-clave: Revolución Verde. Agrotóxicos. Agroecología. Homeopatía. Desarrollo rural sostenible.

Food Sovereignty, Food Security: Markets and Dispossession

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Aurélie Desmarais ◽  
Jim Handy
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Security Markets ◽  
New Vision

The ongoing global food crisis combined with the growing environmental crisis manifested in climate change provides a special political moment for the international community to define what policies might best eradicate poverty and ensure the full realization of the right to food. There are essentially two very different models of agriculture being proposed, one associated with the idea of “food security” and the other associated with the idea of “food sovereignty.” Both models, if not the terms used to label them, have a long history and reflect opposing views of economic and social development. Food security can be represented by the 2008 High Level Task Force’s Comprehensive Framework for Action and more recently the World Economic Forum’s New Vision for Agriculture Initiative report titled “Achieving the New Vision for Agriculture: New Models for Action” released in January 2013. Both promote more investment in agriculture and highlight the need to increase global production and foster greater market integration. On the other hand, La Via Campesina—now considered to be the world’s most significant transnational agrarian movement—and a growing number of civil society organizations advocate new food systems based on food sovereignty. They claim that the official food secu­rity responses are essentially “more of the same”—that is, they emphasize increasing production and productivity, expanding liberalized trade, and pursuing another Green Revolution through the greater use of genetically modified organisms in agricultural production. In other words, the official solutions being proposed are further modernization and industrialization of agriculture aimed at producing more food. However, as Murphy and Paasch (2009) point out, the official solutions on offer focus on increasing production “yet the FAO itself has said that lack of food is not the reason for the food crisis” (p. 6). The tragedy is that hunger persists in a world that produces sufficient food for every human being on the planet (United Nations [UN] Human Rights Council 2011). Surely not starving is a simple justice. Food sovereignty tackles the issue of justice head on.

scholarly journals ACTUALIZATION OF MUPUK KEMBANG RITUAL IN CONSERVATION OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES AND FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AREA OF WORLD CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CATUR ANGGA PURA BATUKARU, BALI

2017 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Wardi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Depth Interview

Since the emergence of the green revolution in Bali around the 1970s to the present day, in a gradation way emerged a variety of environmental changes and subak culture which is quite apprehensive. Among other things, the destruction of genetic resources, especially local rice varieties, and the emergence of concerns about the possible extinction of local rice varieties. This article aims to explore the meaning of wisdom of mupuk kembang ritual in World Cultural Landscape Catur Angga Batukaru, in the context of conservation of local rice varieties and food sovereignty in Tabanan-Bali. The research was conducted through data collection with observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and literature study. The collected data were analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The result of the study showed that mupuk kembang ritual usually is held towards the end of the pujawali ceremony on the cultural heritage of Catur Angga Pura Batukaru (Pura Muncaksari, Tambawaras, Besikalung, Pucak Petali, and Pura Batukaru) in Penebel District of Tabanan Regency. The mupuk kembang ritual is performed in the early morning (dawn), at around 04.00 - 06.00, where the holy man (pemangku) in trans condition (kerawuhan) put rice (Sri-Sedhana) rice (manik galih) to his people (bhakta) present in the pujawali ritual. Implicitly the ritual hinted rice (Oryza sativa) as a sacred plant or tree of life (kalpataru) and so that villagers, especially farmers (subak), conserve it, especially local rice varieties to be developed as the main source of life. The mupuk kembang ritual also supports government’s development programs in the context of maintaining food sovereignty in Bali.

scholarly journals Rural development thinking, moving from the green revolution to food sovereignty

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Pachon A. ◽  
Wolfgang Bokelmann ◽  
César Ramírez M.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Approach

Since the middle of the last century, several perspectives have addressed rural development from different viewpoints, and productive aspects have prevailed. Four general approaches encompass these perspectives: the Technocratic, Sociological, Socio-Technocratic, and Political approaches. This paper aims to put forward Food Sovereignty and its focus on the rights of rural inhabitants as a perspective of the political approach to rural development. Despite the fact that food sovereignty integrates important topics such as the recognition of the importance of rural inhabitants by society, it is necessary to make a clear proposal for how to incorporate consumers in its postulates.

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