No-Tillage Production Systems for Cucurbit Vegetables

2016 ◽  
pp. 149-158
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Fausto Guimarães Silva ◽  
Eduardo da Costa Severiano ◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
Wellingthon da Silva Guimarães Júnnyor ◽  
...  

Agricultural production systems that include the production of mulch for no-tillage farming and structural improvement of the soil can be considered key measures for agricultural activity in the Cerrado region without causing environmental degradation. In this respect, our work aimed to evaluate the chemical and physical-hydric properties of a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goias, Brazil, under different soil management systems in the between-crop season of soybean cultivation five years after first planting. The following conditions were evaluated: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu as a cover crop during the between-crop season; Second crop of maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis; Second crop of grain alone in a no-tillage system; Fallow soil after the soybean harvest; and Forest (natural vegetation) located in an adjacent area. Soil samples up to a depth of 40 cm were taken and used in the assessment of chemical properties and soil structure diagnostics. The results demonstrated that the conversion of native vegetation areas into agricultural fields altered the chemical and physical-hydric properties of the soil at all the depths evaluated, especially up to 10 cm, due to the activity of root systems in the soil structure. Cultivation of B. brizantha as a cover crop during the summer between-crop season increased soil water availability, which is important for agricultural activities in the region under study.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Cláudia dos Reis Ferreira ◽  
Jair do Nascimento Guedes ◽  
Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira

Agriculture can considerably change the composition and richness of the edaphic macrofauna, affecting the ecological and biological functions exerted by the fauna. This study was carried out in commercial production systems in the municipality of Guaíra, state of Paraná, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of no-tillage systems (NTS) and seasonality on the diversity, richness, and composition of the edaphic macrofauna. Three areas managed under NTS for different periods 7 years (NTS-7), 14 years (NTS-14), and 23 years (NTS-23) under crop succession with soybean (summer) (aNTS7) and maize/wheat (winter) (NTS14 and NTS23) were evaluated, in addition to a native Atlantic Forest segment, which was used as a reference. Faunal samples were collected in the dry season (September 2013) and rainy season (February 2014). The edaphic macrofauna was evaluated using the method proposed by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program. Parametric statistics were applied, and the results were compared using Tukey’s test at a level of significance of 5%. Species density and total richness were usually higher in the NTS14 and NTS23 in the dry season. However, higher indexes of equability were not detected because of the dominance of groups Formicidae and Isoptera. The areas with the highest equability were the reference area in the dry season and NTS23 in the rainy season, corresponding to 0.87 and 0.61, respectively. These results indicate the higher faunal diversity in these areas, which reflects the greater stability of the ecosystem.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holden D. Bell ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott

A field experiment was conducted at Marianna, AR in 2012 and 2013 to test various combinations of (1) soybean production systems: full-season tillage (rye plus deep tillage using a moldboard plow), full season (no rye plus no tillage), late-season tillage (wheat plus deep tillage), and late season (no wheat plus no tillage); (2) soybean cultivars: glufosinate or glyphosate resistant; and (3) four herbicide programs for management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. At soybean harvest, Palmer amaranth control was 95 to 100% when flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone was applied PRE. In both years full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems in combination with flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE increased Palmer amaranth control over the same systems in the absence of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE. The addition of deep tillage in the form of a moldboard plow to the full-season and late-season systems reduced Palmer amaranth densities at harvest. Similarly, Palmer amaranth seed production was often lower in the full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems compared with the full-season and late-season no-tillage systems, regardless of soybean cultivar and herbicide programs. Overall, the use of deep tillage in the full-season or late-season systems in combination with a PRE application of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone provided greater control of Palmer amaranth, decreasing both density and seed production and increasing soybean grain yields.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fuentes-Llanillo ◽  
Tiago Santos Telles ◽  
Bruno Volsi ◽  
Dimas Soares Júnior ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Carneiro ◽  
...  

In general, the technical and agronomic benefits of no-till farming are widely known and well documented in the literature. However, studies focusing on the economics of no-tillage are scarce. In this context, the objective of this study is to determine whether no-till grain production systems that follow the principles of conservation agriculture are economically profitable by analyzing gross margins per hectare per year over six harvests for the agricultural years 1998/1999 to 2003/2004. In addition, a possible link between profitability and different no-till methods in terms of degree of soil turnover, crop rotation, and whether machinery used in agricultural operations is owned or rented is investigated. For this purpose, the multi-case analytical method was applied to thirteen grain producing family farms in Northern Paraná state, Brazil. Based on the results, two ranges of agricultural production variable costs and gross margins were identified. Higher gross margins were associated with longer use of the no-till system, ownership of machinery and equipment, specialization in grains, rotation of the commercial crops used, and higher variable costs. Lower gross margins were associated with outsourcing of sowing, small-scale cropping, and lack of crop rotation. It is concluded that family mechanized no-till systems of grain production in north Paraná are profitable.


Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Johnson ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
William E. Lueschen

The objectives of this research were to compare the weed control efficacy of liquid, granular, and microencapsulated formulations of preemergence herbicides in moldboard plow, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage corn and soybean production systems, and to determine whether herbicide formulation can influence herbicide interception and retention on surface corn residue. Common lambsquarters populations were threefold higher in corn than in soybeans. A mixed population of giant foxtail and green foxtail was highest in the chisel plow and lowest in the ridge tillage system as were total weed numbers. Percent weed control was not influenced by tillage when considered across all herbicide treatments. Weed control was not influenced by herbicide formulation in the moldboard plow, chisel plow, or ridge tillage systems, but granular herbicide applications provided better weed control than liquid applications in the no-tillage system and across various rates of corn residue in an experiment with no tillage variables. Two- to threefold less granular-applied herbicide was intercepted by surface corn residue at the time of application compared to liquid-applied herbicide. Increasing amounts of postapplication rainfall decreased the difference among formulations with regard to both total soil reception of the herbicide and resultant weed control. There was no consistent advantage for the microencapsulated formulation over the other herbicide formulations. Surface corn residue controlled many weeds without the aid of a herbicide and actually contributed to overall weed control even where herbicides were applied. This suggests that the binding of preemergence herbicides on surface crop residue may not be the cause of weed control failures in reduced-tillage systems as is often assumed to be the case.


UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 02-09
Author(s):  
Eduardo Barreto Aguiar ◽  
Eloty Justina Dias Schleder ◽  
Vitor Hugo Dos Santos Brito ◽  
Flávio Augusto Faedo Aguena

A cultura da mandioca ocupa uma área plantada no Brasil de 1,4 milhões de ha. É a quarta cultura em volume de produção sendo cultivada em sua maioria em solos arenosos e de baixa fertilidade por pequenos agricultores e agricultores familiares. Na região Centro-sul do Brasil é cultivada em grandes áreas com alto nível tecnológico, onde se obtém elevadas produtividades. Por ser cultivada em largos espaçamentos e recobrir mal o solo é altamente susceptível aos processos erosivos. Comparada aos cereais sua produtividade é superior, podendo atingir valores acima 35 t.ha-1, e por isso extrai grandes quantidades de nutrientes, principalmente K. O plantio direto é considerado um sistema conservacionista que reduz as perdas por erosão e aumenta os teores de matéria orgânica reduzindo também as perdas de nutrientes por lixiviação principalmente em solos arenosos. Nos últimos anos avanços foram feitos no que se refere ao plantio direto da mandioca, refletindo no crescente aumento das áreas sob este sistema. Entretanto os resultados de pesquisa não são conclusivos devido ao pequeno número de experimentos conduzidos, e pela ausência de experimentos de longa duração, que melhor avaliam os efeitos dos diferentes sistemas de produção. Tradicionalmente, os efeitos do plantio direto nos primeiros anos são indiretos, refletindo em produtividade nos sistemas já estabilizados após 2 ou 3 anos de implantação. Contudo boa parte dos resultados relatados são promissores, e demonstram elevado potencial para a melhoria da competitividade da cultura e a sustentabilidade destes agroecossistemas.   Palavras chave: sustentabilidade, sistemas de produção, conservação do solo.   Abstract Cassava crop is cultivated on 1.4 million ha. It is the fourth crop in terms of production amount, mostly cultivated on sandy and low-fertility soils by small farmers. In the Center-South region of Brazil it is grown in large areas with high technological level, where high yields are obtained. Because it is cultivated in large spaces and covers the soil poorly, it is highly susceptible to erosive processes. Compared to cereals, its productivity is higher, reaching values ​​above 35 t.ha-1. With this it extracts large amounts of nutrients, mainly K. No-tillage is considered a conservation system that reduces losses by erosion, increases the contents of organic matter and also reduces the losses of nutrients by leaching mainly in sandy soils. Many advances have been made towards the development of no-tillage of cassava, culminating in the growing increase in areas under this system. However, the research results are not conclusive due to the small number of experiments, and the absence of long-term experiments. Traditionally, the effects of no-till in the first years are indirect, reflecting on productivity in systems already stabilized after 2 or 3 years. However, part of the reported results is promising, and demonstrate high potential for improving the competitiveness of culture and the sustainability of agro-ecosystems.   Keywords: sustainability, production systems, soil conservation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Gustavo M. Sbatella

Field trials were conducted from 2010 through 2012 to evaluate the integration of three factors: overhead irrigation after planting great northern dry bean; three methods of seedbed preparation: no-tillage, one or two diskings; and eight weed control treatments on dry bean development and weed control. The previous crop each year was corn. Overhead irrigation with 13 mm of water immediately after herbicide application and planting in early June did not improve or reduce herbicide efficacy but where herbicides were not utilized, irrigation increased weed emergence. Soil crusting increased in 2 of 3 yr when soil was disked at a 20-cm depth before planting. Crop injury from herbicides applied PRE increased when soil crusting occurred. No tillage before planting reduced crop injury from herbicides in 2010 and 2011 and weed density in 2012. Dry bean injury was minimal from herbicides applied PRE except for flumioxazin, which reduced crop density in 2011 and 2012. Imazamox plus bentazon applied POST caused early-season dry bean injury in 2 of 3 yr and resulted in a reduction in crop seed yield compared to dimethenamid-P or halosulfuron applied PRE. As producers move away from intensive tillage before planting to reduced tillage or no-tillage production systems, the results of this experiment show that dimethenamid-P, halosulfuron, pendimethalin, andS-metolachlor can be utilized PRE to provide acceptable weed control and crop selectivity. Although flumioxazin applied PRE reduced plant density, Great Northern dry bean yields were not affected by the loss of plant stand.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e9910413888
Author(s):  
João Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Adriano Veniciús Santana Gualberto ◽  
Renato Falconeres Vogado ◽  
Henrique Antunes de Souza ◽  
Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite

Epigeal fauna are considered key biological indicators of soil quality, which can be used as parameters for determining sustainable agricultural production systems. This study aimed to evaluate the epigeal fauna under different monoculture and integrated production systems in a Yellow Latosol in the Cerrado biome. The epigeal fauna was sampled using pitfall traps in areas of no-tillage, pasture, exclusive eucalyptus cultivation, integrated livestock-forest system and in a native cerrado. The following variables were determined: number of individuals trap-1 day-1, total richness and the indices of Shannon and Pielou. The number of individuals trap-1 day-1 and richness were higher in native cerrado, while the no-tillage area presented the lowest values. For the Shannon and Pielou indices, native cerrado and integrated livestock-forest system presented the highest values while exclusive eucalyptus cultivation and no-tillage presented the lowest values. The pasture, exclusive eucalyptus cultivation and integrated livestock-forest system favored the ecological indexes of the epigeal fauna, while no-tillage was the system that least contributed to the establishment of these organisms. In areas explored with  pasture, exclusive eucalyptus cultivation and  integrated livestock-forest system, the community and the diversity of groups of fauna tend to increase. The association with different groups of fauna is more expressive in environments of native cerrado and exclusive eucalyptus cultivation.


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