Maternal Diet, Trophoblast Biology, and Epigenetic Regulation

2015 ◽  
pp. 72-89
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Maternal Diet

scholarly journals Effect of maternal diet on the epigenome: implications for human metabolic disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Lillycrop
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postnatal Environment ◽  
Nutritional Environment

The rapid increase in the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases over the past two decades cannot be explained solely by genetic and adult lifestyle factors. There is now considerable evidence that the fetal and early postnatal environment also strongly influences the risk of developing such diseases in later life. Human studies have shown that low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of CVD, type II diabetes, obesity and hypertension, although recent studies have shown that over-nutrition in early life can also increase susceptibility to future metabolic disease. These findings have been replicated in a variety of animal models, which have shown that both maternal under- and over-nutrition can induce persistent changes in gene expression and metabolism within the offspring. The mechanism by which the maternal nutritional environment induces such changes is beginning to be understood and involves the altered epigenetic regulation of specific genes. The demonstration of a role for altered epigenetic regulation of genes in the developmental induction of chronic diseases raises the possibility that nutritional or pharmaceutical interventions may be used to modify long-term cardio-metabolic disease risk and combat this rapid rise in chronic non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Betaine Supplementation in Maternal Diet Modulates the Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenic Genes in Neonatal Piglets

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e105504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demin Cai ◽  
Yimin Jia ◽  
Haogang Song ◽  
Shiyan Sui ◽  
Jingyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

scholarly journals Nutrients and Mother’s Diet in the Epigenetic Regulation of Placenta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Enrique Naranjo Logroño ◽  
Anthony Alfonso Naranjo Coronel ◽  
Cristian Alberto Zumárraga Pozo ◽  
María Belén Peñaherrera Lema
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Common

Introduction: Pregnancy was defined as a state that exposes women to multiple anatomical-physiological, biochemical, psychological, and adaptive genomic changes in an environment of homeostatic balance and preparation of the fetus in the external environment. From fertilization to birth, a genetic program previously imprinted in your cells had been developed, which was influenced by the state of maternal health, preconception, nutritional factors, and the diet of the pregnant woman. Other secondary ones were of the maternal-fetal hormonal type, stress, toxic, viral or bacterial infections. Objective: To describe the influence of nutrition and maternal diet as factors of change in the epigenetic regulation of the placenta and in the perinatal results. Methods: Academic Google, Scopus, PubMed, ClinicalKey databases were searched using MeSH and DeCS terms: ‘epigenetics’, ‘placent’, ‘diet’, ‘pregnancy’, ‘imprint’. Discussion: Methylation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was the common way for epigenetic expression to take place and could be demonstrated in tissues. Observations highlight differences in placental tissue and the existence of hypo-methylation zones of DNA that resemble those present in malignant cells, the placenta being very sensitive to epigenetic marks and to maternal and fetal signals that allow its adaptation or depress influences from the environment. Conclusion: The placenta had unique genomic characteristics and was a reactive tissue to internal and external influences that had great clinical importance for fetal growth, appearance of neural tube defects, development of diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and other extrauterine diseases. Keywords: epigenetic, nutrition, placenta, methylation. RESUMEN Introducción: El embarazo es un estado que expone a la mujer a múltiples cambios anátomo-fisiológicos, bioquímicos, psicológicos, genómicos adaptativos en un entorno de equilibrio homeostático y de preparación del feto al medio externo. Desde la fecundación hasta el nacimiento se desarrolla una programación genética previamente impresa en sus células que se ven influenciadas por el estado de salud materna, factores preconcepcionales, nutricionales y la dieta de la gestante. Otros secundarios son del tipo hormonal materno-fetales, el estrés, tóxicos, infecciones víricas o bacterianas. Objetivo: Describir la influencia de la nutrición y la dieta materna como factores de cambio en la regulación epigenética de la placenta y en los resultados perinatales. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos Academic Google, Scopus, PubMed, ClinicalKey utilizando términos MeSH y DeCS: ‘epigenética’, ‘placenta’, ‘dieta’, ‘embarazo’, ‘impronta’. Discusión: La metilación del Acido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) es la manera común para que la expresión epigenética tenga lugar y sea demostrada en los tejidos. Observaciones destacan diferencias en el tejido placentario y la existencia de zonas hipo metilación del ADN que se asemejan a las presentes en células malignas, siendo la placenta muy sensible a marcas epigenéticas y a las señales maternas y fetales que permiten su adaptación o deprimen las influencias del entorno. Conclusión: La placenta presenta características genómicas únicas y es un tejido reactivo a influencias internas y externas que le confiere gran importancia clínica para el crecimiento fetal, aparición de defectos del tubo neural, desarrollo de diabetes, hipertensión arterial, obesidad y otras enfermedades extrauterinas. Palabras clave: epigenética, nutrición, placenta, metilación.

New Liberal Maternal Diet Policy to Avert Atopy

Ob Gyn News ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
BRUCE K. DIXON
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet

Nutritional B12 Deficiency in Infants of Vitamin B12-Deficient Mothers

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Halicioglu ◽  
Sezin Asik Akman ◽  
Sumer Sutcuoglu ◽  
Berna Atabay ◽  
Meral Turker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Hematological Evaluation ◽  
Nutritional Vitamin

Aim: Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in infants may occur because the maternal diet contains inadequate animal products. Clinical presentations of the infants who had nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were analyzed in this study. Subjects and Methods: Patients with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were enrolled in the study between 2003 and 2010. The diagnosis was based on a nutritional history of mothers and infants, clinical findings, hematological evaluation, and low level of serum vitamin B12. Results: Thirty children aged 1 - 21 months constituted the study group. Poverty was the main cause of inadequate consumption of animal products of the mothers. All infants had predominantly breastfed. The most common symptoms were developmental delay, paleness, apathy, lethargy, anorexia, and failure to thrive. Hematological findings were megaloblastic anemia (83.3 %), thrombocytopenia (30 %), and severe anemia (13.3 %). All of the mothers had low serum B12 levels; eight of them had megaloblastic anemia. Conclusion: The unusual clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency may also be seen apart from neurological and hematological findings. Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency due to maternal deficiency might be a serious health problem in infants. Therefore, screening and supplementation of pregnant and lactating women to prevent infantile vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered.

Prognostic relevance of disordered epigenetic regulation in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fluhr ◽  
T Witte ◽  
CF Krombholz ◽  
C Plass ◽  
CM Niemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Prognostic Relevance ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Epigenetic regulation of hepatic DPP4

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S84
Author(s):  
S Saussenthaler ◽  
C Baumeier ◽  
A Kammel ◽  
M Canouil ◽  
S Lobbens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation
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